如何解决Spring Boot 3.0.0部署Heroku时spring-boot-gradle-plugin兼容问题

问题详情 #

使用GitLab CI/CD将基于Java 17的Spring Boot 3.0.0应用部署到Heroku时，构建失败。核心原因是Heroku默认安装了OpenJDK 1.8，但Spring Boot 3.0.0的Gradle插件仅兼容Java 17，导致无法解析org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:3.0.0依赖。

错误日志 #

Deploying application
uploading application archive
triggering new deployment
-----> Building on the Heroku-22 stack
-----> Determining which buildpack to use for this app
-----> Gradle app detected
-----> Spring Boot detected
-----> Installing OpenJDK 1.8... done
-----> Building Gradle app...
-----> executing ./gradlew build -x check
       Downloading https://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.5.1-bin.zip
       ...........10%............20%...........30%............40%...........50%............60%...........70%............80%...........90%............100%
       To honour the JVM settings for this build a single-use Daemon process will be forked. See https://docs.gradle.org/7.5.1/userguide/gradle_daemon.html#sec:disabling_the_daemon.
       Daemon will be stopped at the end of the build 
       
       FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
       
       * What went wrong:
       A problem occurred configuring root project 'auth'.
       > Could not resolve all files for configuration ':classpath'.
          > Could not resolve org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:3.0.0.
            Required by:
                project : > org.springframework.boot:org.springframework.boot.gradle.plugin:3.0.0
             > No matching variant of org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:3.0.0 was found. The consumer was configured to find a runtime of a library compatible with Java 8, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally, as well as attribute 'org.gradle.plugin.api-version' with value '7.5.1' but:
                 - Variant 'apiElements' capability org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:3.0.0 declares a library, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
                     - Incompatible because this component declares an API of a component compatible with Java 17 and the consumer needed a runtime of a component compatible with Java 8
                     - Other compatible attribute:
                         - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '7.5.1')
                 - Variant 'javadocElements' capability org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:3.0.0 declares a runtime of a component, and its dependencies declared externally:
                     - Incompatible because this component declares documentation and the consumer needed a library
                     - Other compatible attributes:
                         - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 8)
                         - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                         - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '7.5.1')
                 - Variant 'mavenOptionalApiElements' capability org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin-maven-optional:3.0.0 declares a library, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
                     - Incompatible because this component declares an API of a component compatible with Java 17 and the consumer needed a runtime of a component compatible with Java 8
                     - Other compatible attribute:
                         - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '7.5.1')
                 - Variant 'mavenOptionalRuntimeElements' capability org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin-maven-optional:3.0.0 declares a runtime of a library, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
                     - Incompatible because this component declares a component compatible with Java 17 and the consumer needed a component compatible with Java 8
                     - Other compatible attribute:
                         - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '7.5.1')
                 - Variant 'runtimeElements' capability org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:3.0.0 declares a runtime of a library, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
                     - Incompatible because this component declares a component compatible with Java 17 and the consumer needed a component compatible with Java 8
                     - Other compatible attribute:
                         - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '7.5.1')
                 - Variant 'sourcesElements' capability org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:3.0.0 declares a runtime of a component, and its dependencies declared externally:
                     - Incompatible because this component declares documentation and the consumer needed a library
                     - Other compatible attributes:
                         - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 8)
                         - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                         - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '7.5.1')
       
       * Try:
       > Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
       > Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
       > Run with --scan to get full insights.
       
       * Get more help at https://help.gradle.org
       
       BUILD FAILED in 9s
 !     ERROR: Failed to run Gradle!
       We're sorry this build is failing. If you can't find the issue in application
       code, please submit a ticket so we can help: https://help.heroku.com
       You can also try reverting to the previous version of the buildpack by running:
       $ heroku buildpacks:set https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-gradle#previous-version
       
       Thanks,
       Heroku

解决方案 #

• 指定Heroku使用Java 17：在项目根目录创建system.properties文件，添加以下内容：

  java.runtime.version=17
  

  该文件会告知Heroku构建环境使用Java 17。
• 配置Gradle的Java版本：在build.gradle中明确指定Java版本为17，确保与Spring Boot 3.0.0兼容：

  java {
      sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
      targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
  }
  

  同时确认Spring Boot插件版本正确：

  plugins {
      id 'org.springframework.boot' version '3.0.0'
      id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.1.0'
      id 'java'
  }
  

• 检查GitLab CI/CD配置：确保.gitlab-ci.yml中没有强制设置Java 8的指令，部署流程正常调用Heroku部署即可。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者noBoom