Eclipse中运行正常的Spring Boot项目打包为Jar后无法启动

在Eclipse中启动Spring Boot应用完全正常，能看到EntityManagerFactory初始化日志：

2022-11-28 13:32:58.558 INFO 12176 --- [ restartedMain] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'

但打包为可运行Jar部署时无法启动，报错信息如下：

ZpectrumApplication: Cannot create inner bean '(inner bean)#71a9b4c7' of type [org.springframework.orm.jpa.SharedEntityManagerCreator] while setting bean property 'entityManager'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name '(inner bean)#71a9b4c7': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'entityManagerFactory' while setting constructor argument; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'entityManagerFactory' available

项目pom.xml配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.6</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>ZpectrumApp</groupId>
    <artifactId>ZpectrumApp</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>ZpectrumApp</name>
    <description>End-Degree project for Spring Boot</description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jcodec</groupId>
            <artifactId>jcodec</artifactId>
            <version>0.2.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jcodec</groupId>
            <artifactId>jcodec-javase</artifactId>
            <version>0.2.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate.javax.persistence/hibernate-jpa-2.1-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.1-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.2.Final</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.json</groupId>
            <artifactId>json</artifactId>
            <version>20180130</version>
            <type>jar</type>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <properties>
        <start-class>ZpectrumApplication.Application</start-class>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    </properties>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

问题原因及修复方案 #

核心问题 #

1. 冗余依赖导致冲突：spring-boot-starter-data-jpa已经内置了hibernate-entitymanager和JPA API的适配依赖，手动添加的hibernate-jpa-2.1-api、hibernate-entitymanager会引入版本不一致的类，在打包Jar后类加载顺序变化，直接导致EntityManagerFactory无法正常初始化。
2. JPA与JDBC自动配置冲突：同时引入spring-boot-starter-data-jpa和spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc会触发Spring的自动配置优先级问题，干扰EntityManagerFactory Bean的创建流程。

修复步骤 #

• 移除pom.xml中以下冗余依赖：
  • org.hibernate.javax.persistence:hibernate-jpa-2.1-api
  • org.hibernate:hibernate-entitymanager
• 若不需要原生JDBC操作能力，直接移除spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc依赖；若必须保留，在配置文件中明确指定JPA相关配置（如spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto、spring.jpa.show-sql等），确保JPA自动配置优先执行。
• 执行mvn clean package重新打包，再运行Jar文件验证启动状态。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者francesco14