BIOS 13h中断加载内核失败问题排查求助

运行时触发错误：

Reading from disk failed!

已确认int 13h的寄存器参数符合规范，且Kernel确实被加载到了指定RAM地址，但移除错误处理跳转后，Kernel代码并未执行。在Bochs中调试时，程序确实跳转到了Kernel位置，但看不到输出；QEMU中直接运行则触发磁盘读取错误。

怀疑问题出在构建脚本或段设置上，以下是相关代码：

主文件（bootloader/main.asm） #

[bits 16]
[org 0x7c00]

%define ENDL 0x0D, 0x0A, 0

start: jmp boot

%include "bootloader/out.asm"
%include "bootloader/disk.asm"

halt:
  hlt
  jmp halt

boot:
  xor ax, ax ;  sets ax to 0

  ; sets segments to 0
  mov ds, ax
  mov es, ax
  mov ss, ax


  mov si, wlcm_msg
  call print

  mov dh, 1
  mov bx, kernel
  call read_kernel
  jmp kernel

  jmp halt


wlcm_msg: db "Booted to 16 bit real mode", ENDL

times 510-($-$$) db 0
 dw 0xaa55
kernel: db 0

磁盘例程文件（bootloader/disk.asm） #

;
; @params:
;   dx(dl) - number of sectors to load
;   bx - loaction in ram to store the read data
;
read_kernel:
  pusha
  push dx

  mov ah, 02h 
  mov al, dh ; sectors to read
  mov cl, 02h ; the sector to read 1 is our bootloader

 mov ch, 0
 mov dl, 0
 mov dh, 0


  int 13h
  jc read_err ; if carry flag is set then there is an error

  pop dx
  cmp al, dh  ; sector read count
  jne sector_err

  popa
  ret

read_err:
  mov si, read_err_msg
  call print
  mov dh, ah
  jmp halt

sector_err:
  mov si, sector_err_msg
  call print
  jmp halt


read_err_msg: db "Reading from disk failed!", ENDL
sector_err_msg: db "Incorrect number of sectors to read!", ENDL

Kernel代码（kernel/main.asm） #

[bits 16]

%define ENDL 0x0D, 0x0A, 0

start: jmp main

main:

  mov ah, 9
  xor bh, bh
  mov cx, 1
  mov al, 'E'
  int 10h


  cli 
  hlt

构建脚本（Makefile） #

ASM = nasm

BOOT_SRC = bootloader/main.asm
KENREL_SRC = kernel/main.asm
BUILD_DIR = build

.PHONY: all clean create run debug

all: $(BUILD_DIR)/disk.img

$(BUILD_DIR)/disk.img: $(BUILD_DIR)/bootloader.bin $(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.bin
    dd if=/dev/zero of=$@ bs=512 count=2880
    dd if=$< of=$@ bs=512 conv=notrunc seek=0
    dd if=$(word 2,$^) of=$@ bs=512 conv=notrunc seek=1

$(BUILD_DIR)/bootloader.bin: $(BOOT_SRC) create
    $(ASM) -f bin $< -o $@

$(BUILD_DIR)/kernel.bin: $(KENREL_SRC) create
    $(ASM) -f bin $< -o $@

create:
    mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)

clean:
    rm -rf $(BUILD_DIR)/*

run: $(BUILD_DIR)/disk.img
    qemu-system-i386 -machine q35 -drive file=$<,format=raw

run_floppy: $(BUILD_DIR)/disk.img
    qemu-system-i386 -machine q35 -fda $<

debug: bochs_config $(BUILD_DIR)/disk.img
    bochs -f $<

尝试多种方法未解决，请求协助定位问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sreyas