Kotlin多平台Compose模块类无法在非Compose模块使用的发布问题

问题场景 #

在Kotlin多平台项目中，当非Compose模块依赖Compose模块的接口或类后，执行maven-publish任务时出现跨平台发布异常：

具体表现 #

• Windows端：应用运行正常，但发布时仅依赖Compose模块的非Compose模块发布失败，未依赖Compose的模块及Compose模块本身可正常发布
• Mac端：所有模块发布失败，核心报错日志如下：

Could not resolve all task dependencies for configuration ':shared:iosArm64CompileKlibraries'.
Could not resolve project :shared-ui-compose.
Required by:
project :shared
> No matching variant of project :shared-ui-compose was found. The consumer was configured to find a usage of 'kotlin-api' of a library, preferably optimized for non-jvm, as well as attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.platform.type' with value 'native', attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.native.target' with value 'ios_arm64' but:
- Variant 'debugApiElements' capability Expressus:shared-ui-compose:unspecified declares an API of a library, preferably optimized for Android:
- Incompatible because this component declares a component, as well as attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.platform.type' with value 'androidJvm' and the consumer needed a component, as well as attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.platform.type' with value 'native'
- Other compatible attribute:
- Doesn't say anything about org.jetbrains.kotlin.native.target (required 'ios_arm64')
- Variant 'debugRuntimeElements' capability Expressus:shared-ui-compose:unspecified declares a runtime of a library, preferably optimized for Android:
- Incompatible because this component declares a component, as well as attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.platform.type' with value 'androidJvm' and the consumer needed a component, as well as attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.platform.type' with value 'native'
- Other compatible attribute:
- Doesn't say anything about org.jetbrains.kotlin.native.target (required 'ios_arm64')
- Variant 'jvmApiElements' capability Expressus:shared-ui-compose:unspecified declares an API of a library, preferably optimized for standard JVMs:
- Incompatible because this component declares a component, as well as attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.platform.type' with value 'jvm' and the consumer needed a component, as well as attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.platform.type' with value 'native'
- Other compatible attribute:
- Doesn't say anything about org.jetbrains.kotlin.native.target (required 'ios_arm64')
- Variant 'jvmRuntimeElements' capability Expressus:shared-ui-compose:unspecified declares a runtime of a library, preferably optimized for standard JVMs:
- Incompatible because this component declares a component, as well as attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.platform.type' with value 'jvm' and the consumer needed a component, as well as attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.platform.type' with value 'native'
- Other compatible attribute:
- Doesn't say anything about org.jetbrains.kotlin.native.target (required 'ios_arm64')
- Variant 'metadataApiElements' capability Expressus:shared-ui-compose:unspecified declares a library, preferably optimized for non-jvm:
- Incompatible because this component declares a usage of 'kotlin-metadata' of a component, as well as attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.platform.type' with value 'common' and the consumer needed a usage of 'kotlin-api' of a component, as well as attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.platform.type' with value 'native'
- Other compatible attribute:
- Doesn't say anything about org.jetbrains.kotlin.native.target (required 'ios_arm64')
- Variant 'releaseApiElements' capability Expressus:shared-ui-compose:unspecified declares an API of a library, preferably optimized for Android:
- Incompatible because this component declares a component, as well as attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.platform.type' with value 'androidJvm' and the consumer needed a component, as well as attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.platform.type' with value 'native'
- Other compatible attribute:
- Doesn't say anything about org.jetbrains.kotlin.native.target (required 'ios_arm64')
- Variant 'releaseRuntimeElements' capability Expressus:shared-ui-compose:unspecified declares a runtime of a library, preferably optimized for Android:
- Incompatible because this component declares a component, as well as attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.platform.type' with value 'androidJvm' and the consumer needed a component, as well as attribute 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.platform.type' with value 'native'
- Other compatible attribute:
- Doesn't say anything about org.jetbrains.kotlin.native.target (required 'ios_arm64')

问题原因 #

报错核心是：shared模块的iOS平台变体尝试解析shared-ui-compose模块，但shared-ui-compose仅配置了Android/JVM/Common平台变体，没有提供iOS Native对应的变体，导致Gradle无法找到匹配的依赖变体，最终发布失败。Windows端运行正常是因为仅涉及JVM/Android平台，而发布任务会处理全平台元数据，因此依赖该模块的非Compose模块发布失败。

解决方案 #

方案1：抽离通用接口到独立Common模块 #

将Compose模块中被非Compose模块依赖的接口、数据类等与Compose无关的代码，抽离到纯Common模块（如shared-ui-api）：

1. 新建shared-ui-api模块，仅存放通用代码，不引入Compose依赖
2. shared-ui-compose模块依赖shared-ui-api，实现其中的接口
3. 非Compose模块（如shared）仅依赖shared-ui-api，而非直接依赖shared-ui-compose

方案2：为Compose模块添加iOS平台支持 #

如果确实需要在iOS端使用Compose模块的代码，需为shared-ui-compose配置iOS目标：
在shared-ui-compose的build.gradle.kts中添加：

kotlin {
    // 已有目标（如android、jvm）
    iosArm64()
    iosX64()
    iosSimulatorArm64()
    
    sourceSets {
        val iosMain by getting {
            dependencies {
                // 添加Compose Multiplatform iOS依赖，确保版本兼容
                implementation(compose.ui)
                implementation(compose.foundation)
                implementation(compose.material3)
            }
        }
    }
}

注意：需确保项目已配置Compose Multiplatform插件及对应版本的依赖。

方案3：按平台过滤依赖 #

如果非Compose模块仅在Android/JVM平台需要依赖Compose模块，可在依赖时指定平台范围：

kotlin {
    sourceSets {
        val androidMain by getting {
            dependencies {
                implementation(project(":shared-ui-compose"))
            }
        }
        val jvmMain by getting {
            dependencies {
                implementation(project(":shared-ui-compose"))
            }
        }
        // iOS等其他平台的sourceSet不添加该依赖
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者YLS