Maven多模块项目依赖配置报错及本地仓库使用问题求助

问题背景 #

想把通用模块和类放入common模块，让所有microservices子模块能引用，尝试添加依赖后构建失败。

首次构建报错信息 #

[INFO] gamification ....................................... SUCCESS [  4.178 s]
[INFO] multiplication ..................................... SUCCESS [  2.089 s]
[INFO] microservices ...................................... FAILURE [  0.069 s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  6.694 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-12-01T23:52:34+01:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal on project microservices-parent: Could not resolve dependencies for project org.springframework.boot:microservices-parent:pom:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT: Could not find artifact com.microservices.book:common-parent:jar:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

尝试本地仓库配置后的报错 #

查资料后尝试将构建结果存入本地仓库，执行命令：

mvn -Dmaven.repo.local=C:\Users\pengwin\.m2\repository clean install

出现新报错：

[ERROR] No plugin found for prefix '.repo.local=C' in the current project and in the plugin groups [org.apache.maven.plugins, org.codehaus.mojo] available from the repositories [local (C:\Users\pengwin\.m2\repository), central (https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2)] -> [Help 1]

相关POM文件 #

microservices的pom.xml #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.5</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <artifactId>microservices-parent</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>microservices</name>
    <description>ms parent module</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <modules>
        <module>gamification</module>
        <module>multiplication</module>
    </modules>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
            <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

common的pom.xml #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.5</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.microservices.book</groupId>
    <artifactId>common-parent</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>common</name>
    <description>common module</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <modules>
        <module>exceptions</module>
    </modules>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

解决方案 #

1. 修复Maven命令参数错误 #

命令中-Dmaven.repo.local与路径之间不能有空格，正确命令为：

mvn -Dmaven.repo.local=C:\Users\pengwin\.m2\repository clean install

如果本地仓库就是默认的C:\Users\pengwin\.m2\repository，直接执行mvn clean install即可，无需指定参数。

2. 把common模块安装到本地仓库 #

进入common模块的根目录（包含其pom.xml的文件夹），执行mvn clean install，将模块发布到本地Maven仓库，供其他项目引用。

3. 修正microservices的依赖配置 #

由于common-parent的打包类型是pom，添加依赖时需指定type：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.microservices.book</groupId>
    <artifactId>common-parent</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <type>pom</type>
</dependency>

如果实际需要引用的是common下的exceptions子模块，直接引用子模块依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.microservices.book</groupId>
    <artifactId>exceptions</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>

4. 优化项目结构（可选） #

创建顶级父POM，将common和microservices作为子模块，让Maven自动处理依赖关系，无需手动安装到本地仓库。顶级父POM示例：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.5</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.microservices.book</groupId>
    <artifactId>root-parent</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <modules>
        <module>common</module>
        <module>microservices</module>
    </modules>
</project>

在根目录执行mvn clean install，Maven会按顺序构建所有模块，自动解决依赖问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者IDK