Appium长按操作抛出ClassCastException异常求助

在Android自动化测试中，尝试对页面元素执行长按操作时，触发如下类型转换异常：

java.lang.ClassCastException: class jdk.proxy2.$Proxy15 cannot be cast to class org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement

相关代码 #

工具类代码 #

public class AndriodActions {

    AndroidDriver driver;

    public AndriodActions(AndroidDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
    }

    public void longPressAction(WebElement element) {
        ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("mobile: longClickGesture",
                ImmutableMap.of("elementId", ((RemoteWebElement) element), "duration", 5000));
    }
}

PO页面类代码 #

public class LoginPageLocators extends AndriodActions {

    AndroidDriver driver;

    public LoginPageLocators(AndroidDriver driver) {
        super(driver);
        this.driver = driver;
        PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
    }

    @AndroidFindBy(xpath = "//android.view.View[@index='1']")
    private WebElement AppVersion;

    @AndroidFindBy(xpath = "//android.widget.EditText[@index='2']")
    private WebElement IPAdress;

    @AndroidFindBy(xpath = "//android.widget.Button[@content-desc='Save']")
    private WebElement SaveButton;

    @AndroidFindBy(xpath = "//android.widget.EditText[@text='Email']")
    private WebElement EmailAddress;

    @AndroidFindBy(xpath = "//android.widget.EditText[@text='Password']")
    private WebElement Password;

    @AndroidFindBy(xpath = "//android.widget.Button[@content-desc='SUBMIT']")
    private WebElement SubmitButton;

    public void setIpAddress(String address) {
        longPressAction(AppVersion);
        IPAdress.clear();
        IPAdress.sendKeys(address);
        SaveButton.click();
    }
}

执行类代码 #

public class TestExecution extends BaseClass {

    @Test
    public void IpAddressSetup() throws Exception {
        String ipaddress = "https://facebook.com";
        LoginPageLocators htmlElementLocators = new LoginPageLocators(driver);
        htmlElementLocators.setIpAddress(ipaddress);
    }
}

完整报错信息 #

FAILED: IpAddressSetup
java.lang.ClassCastException: class jdk.proxy2.$Proxy15 cannot be cast to class org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement (jdk.proxy2.$Proxy15 is in module jdk.proxy2 of loader 'app'; org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement is in unnamed module of loader 'app')
    at com.Utils.AndriodActions.longPressAction(AndriodActions.java:25)
    at com.Locators.LoginPageLocators.setIpAddress(LoginPageLocators.java:46)
    at com.testcases.TestExecution.IpAddressSetup(TestExecution.java:16)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
    at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:133)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeMethod(TestInvoker.java:598)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeTestMethod(TestInvoker.java:173)
    at org.testng.internal.MethodRunner.runInSequence(MethodRunner.java:46)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker$MethodInvocationAgent.invoke(TestInvoker.java:824)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeTestMethods(TestInvoker.java:146)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:146)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:128)
    at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:794)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:596)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:377)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:371)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:332)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:276)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:53)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:96)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1212)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1134)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1063)
    at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1031)
    at org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:115)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:251)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:77)

解决方案 #

问题原因 #

PageFactory初始化的WebElement是动态代理对象（jdk.proxy2.$Proxy15），并非直接的RemoteWebElement实例，强制类型转换会触发ClassCastException。而mobile: longClickGesture脚本实际需要的是元素的ID，而非元素对象本身。

修改工具类的长按方法 #

将获取元素对象改为获取元素的ID，修改后的AndriodActions类代码如下：

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;

public class AndriodActions {

    AndroidDriver driver;

    public AndriodActions(AndroidDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
    }

    public void longPressAction(WebElement element) {
        // 获取元素的ID，而非强制转换为RemoteWebElement
        String elementId = ((RemoteWebElement) element).getId();
        ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("mobile: longClickGesture",
                ImmutableMap.of("elementId", elementId, "duration", 5000));
    }
}

另一种可选方案（使用Appium的TouchAction） #

如果上述方法仍有问题，也可以使用Appium原生的TouchAction类实现长按：

import io.appium.java_client.TouchAction;
import io.appium.java_client.touch.LongPressOptions;
import java.time.Duration;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;

public class AndriodActions {

    AndroidDriver driver;

    public AndriodActions(AndroidDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
    }

    public void longPressAction(WebElement element) {
        new TouchAction(driver)
                .longPress(LongPressOptions.longPressOptions()
                        .withElement(element)
                        .withDuration(Duration.ofSeconds(5)))
                .release()
                .perform();
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Baburaja Sabanayagam