如何在R中对收入变量划分十分位并绘制指定可视化图表？

需求 #

• 给despesa_llar数据集新增基于ingressosmensualsllar（家庭月收入）的十分位分组变量
• 绘制两张图表：
  • 分组柱状图：X轴为收入十分位，Y轴为despesamonetaria（货币支出），按grup_CNAE_Red类别填充
  • 直方图：展示各收入十分位的观测频率

数据集核心结构 #

structure(list(grup_CNAE_Red = structure(c("Habitatge", "Habitatge", 
"Habitatge", "Habitatge", "Comunicacions", "Restaurants i hotels", 
"Altres béns i serveis", "Aliments i begudes no alcohòliques", 
"Aliments i begudes no alcohòliques", "Aliments i begudes no alcohòliques", 
"Aliments i begudes no alcohòliques"), label = "grup_CNAE_Red", format.stata = "%35s"), 
    despesatotal = structure(c(57629.21, 186827.47, 210879.71, 
    105439.85, 91381.21, 344980.45, 117155.39, 44334.78, 426350.53, 
    199874.51, 41750.52), label = "despesatotal", format.stata = "%9.0g"), 
    despesamonetaria = structure(c(57629.21, 186827.47, 210879.71, 
    105439.85, 91381.21, 344980.45, 117155.39, 44334.78, 426350.53, 
    199874.51, 41750.52), label = "despesamonetaria", format.stata = "%9.0g"), 
    ingressosmensualsllar = structure(c(782, 782, 782, 782, 782, 
    782, 782, 1283, 1283, 1283, 1283), label = "ingressosmensualsllar", format.stata = "%9.0g")), row.names = c(NA, 
-11L), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"))

原代码问题点 #

1. 绘制柱状图时误用原数据集despesa_llar，但decile变量仅存在于处理后的renda_decils中
2. fill参数排序逻辑错误：reorder(despesamonetaria, grup_CNAE)写法颠倒，应基于grup_CNAE_Red排序
3. 直方图针对离散的十分位值，默认设置会出现bin宽度不合理的情况

修正后的完整代码 #

1. 生成收入十分位变量 #

# 加载必要工具包
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)

# 按月收入从低到高划分10组，新增十分位变量
renda_decils <- despesa_llar %>%
  mutate(decile = ntile(ingressosmensualsllar, 10)) %>%
  ungroup()

2. 绘制收入十分位频率直方图 #

ggplot(renda_decils, aes(x = factor(decile))) +
  geom_bar(fill = "#2c3e50") +  # 用bar适配离散的十分位值，避免直方图bin宽度问题
  labs(
    x = "收入十分位",
    y = "观测数量",
    title = "各收入十分位的观测频率分布"
  ) +
  theme_minimal()

3. 绘制按消费类别分组的支出柱状图 #

ggplot(renda_decils, aes(x = factor(decile), y = despesamonetaria, fill = grup_CNAE_Red)) +
  geom_col(position = "dodge", alpha = 0.8) +  # position="dodge"实现类别并列显示
  labs(
    x = "收入十分位",
    y = "货币支出",
    fill = "消费类别",
    title = "不同收入十分位的消费支出分布（按类别分组）"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1))  # 旋转X轴标签避免重叠

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Maria