安装R包lifecycle遇报错，如何确定适配的Rtools版本？

需要安装lifecycle包以运行R代码，但安装时出现报错。已卸载并重装Windows版R与Rtools，问题仍未解决。警告提示需安装对应版本的Rtools，请问如何确定所需的适配版本？

> install.packages("lifecycle")
WARNING: Rtools is required to build R packages but is not currently installed. Please download and install the appropriate version of Rtools before proceeding:

https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/Rtools/
Installing package into ‘c:/RLibrary’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
also installing the dependency ‘cli’


  There are binary versions available but the source versions
  are later:
          binary source needs_compilation
cli        2.5.0  3.4.1              TRUE
lifecycle  1.0.0  1.0.3             FALSE

  Binaries will be installed
trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.6/cli_2.5.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 534931 bytes (522 KB)
downloaded 522 KB

package ‘cli’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\X\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpM95qM9\downloaded_packages
installing the source package ‘lifecycle’

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/lifecycle_1.0.3.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 106854 bytes (104 KB)
downloaded 104 KB

* installing *source* package 'lifecycle' ...
** package 'lifecycle' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** R
** inst
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
Error in inDL(x, as.logical(local), as.logical(now), ...) : 
  unable to load shared object 'c:/RLibrary/rlang/libs/x64/rlang.dll':
  LoadLibrary failure:  The specified procedure could not be found.
Calls: <Anonymous> ... namespaceImport -> loadNamespace -> library.dynam -> dyn.load -> inDL
Execution halted
ERROR: lazy loading failed for package 'lifecycle'
* removing 'c:/RLibrary/lifecycle'
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘lifecycle’ had non-zero exit status

1. 确认当前R版本 #

在R控制台执行以下命令查看R版本：

version

从报错日志里的contrib/3.6/cli_2.5.0.zip可以推断，你的R版本是3.6.x系列。

2. 匹配对应Rtools版本 #

不同R版本对应的Rtools版本如下：

• R 4.2.x及以上：Rtools42
• R 4.0.x-4.1.x：Rtools40
• R 3.6.x：Rtools35
• R 3.5.x：Rtools34
• R 3.4.x及更早：对应Rtools33或更早版本
  你的情况需安装Rtools35。

3. 修复rlang依赖问题 #

报错中提到无法加载rlang.dll，大概率是rlang包版本不兼容导致的，先重装rlang的二进制版本：

install.packages("rlang", type = "binary")

之后再安装lifecycle：

install.packages("lifecycle", type = "binary")

若需安装最新源码版本，确认Rtools配置正确后执行：

install.packages("lifecycle", type = "source")

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者characterstatus09