求助：如何将月度预算Python代码拆分为def函数？

以下是拆分后的代码，按需求封装了指定函数，同时优化了重复逻辑，提升代码可读性：

def DescribeProgram():
    """打印程序功能说明"""
    print("""\
This program uses a for loop to monitor your budget.
The program will prompt you to enter your budget, and amount spent
for a certain month and calculate if your were under or over budget.
You will have the option of choosing how many months you would like to
monitor.\n""")

def GetMonths():
    """获取用户输入的有效月份数（非负数）"""
    while True:
        try:
            num_months = int(input("Enter the number of months you would like to monitor:"))
            if num_months >= 0:
                return num_months
            print("\nNegative value detected!")
        except ValueError:
            print("Please enter a valid integer.")

def get_positive_float(prompt):
    """获取正数类型的输入，用于预算和支出金额"""
    while True:
        try:
            value = float(input(prompt))
            if value >= 0:
                return value
            print("Negative value detected!")
        except ValueError:
            print("Please enter a valid number.")

def calculate_budget_status(budgeted, spent):
    """计算并输出当月预算结余或超支情况"""
    if spent <= budgeted:
        under_amount = budgeted - spent
        print(f"Good Job! You are under budget by {under_amount:.2f}")
    else:
        over_amount = spent - budgeted
        print(f"Oops! You're over budget by {over_amount:.2f}")

def main():
    DescribeProgram()
    num_months = GetMonths()
    
    for month in range(1, num_months + 1):
        print("\n=====================================")
        amount_budgeted = get_positive_float(f"Enter amount budgeted for month {month}:")
        amount_spent = get_positive_float(f"Enter amount spent for month {month}:")
        
        calculate_budget_status(amount_budgeted, amount_spent)
        
        # 修复原代码中字符串与整数比较的bug
        if month == 1:
            print(f'Your budget for the first month is {amount_budgeted:.2f}.')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

函数说明 #

• DescribeProgram()：负责打印程序的功能介绍，单独抽离后便于维护和修改说明文本
• GetMonths()：专门处理月份数的输入验证，确保用户输入非负整数，包含异常处理避免输入非数字时崩溃
• get_positive_float()：通用函数，复用预算和支出金额的输入逻辑，减少重复代码
• calculate_budget_status()：专注于预算计算和结果输出，将业务逻辑与输入逻辑分离
• main()：作为程序入口，串联所有函数调用，让流程更清晰

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user20391565