为何执行scott.sql时SQL*Plus频繁断开，Scott用户未创建成功？

问题描述 #

尝试在Oracle数据库中创建Scott Schema，通过SQL*Plus指定scott.sql路径执行时频繁出现连接断开的情况。重新连接后执行select username from all_users;查询，发现Scott用户未创建成功。附scott.sql内容：

Rem Copyright (c) 1990 by Oracle Corporation
Rem NAME
REM    UTLSAMPL.SQL
Rem  FUNCTION
Rem  NOTES
Rem  MODIFIED
Rem gdudey     06/28/95 -  Modified for desktop seed database
Rem glumpkin   10/21/92 -  Renamed from SQLBLD.SQL
Rem blinden   07/27/92 -  Added primary and foreign keys to EMP and DEPT
Rem rlim       04/29/91 -         change char to varchar2
Rem mmoore     04/08/91 -         use unlimited tablespace priv
Rem pritto     04/04/91 -         change SYSDATE to 13-JUL-87
Rem   Mendels    12/07/90 - bug 30123;add to_date calls so language     independent
Rem
rem
rem $Header: rdbms/common_nt/sql/scott.sql /main/3 2020/07/20 03:48:35     dgoddard Exp $ sqlbld.sql
rem
SET TERMOUT OFF
SET ECHO OFF

rem CONGDON    Invoked in RDBMS at build time.   29-DEC-1988
rem OATES:     Created: 16-Feb-83

GRANT CONNECT,RESOURCE,UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO SCOTT IDENTIFIED BY     TIGER;
ALTER USER SCOTT DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS;
ALTER USER SCOTT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP;
rem CONNECT SCOTT/TIGER
CONNECT SCOTT/TIGER@xepdb1
DROP TABLE DEPT;
CREATE TABLE DEPT
       (DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT PK_DEPT PRIMARY KEY,
    DNAME VARCHAR2(14) ,
    LOC VARCHAR2(13) ) ;
DROP TABLE EMP;
CREATE TABLE EMP
       (EMPNO NUMBER(4) CONSTRAINT PK_EMP PRIMARY KEY,
    ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
    JOB VARCHAR2(9),
    MGR NUMBER(4),
    HIREDATE DATE,
    SAL NUMBER(7,2),
    COMM NUMBER(7,2),
    DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT FK_DEPTNO REFERENCES DEPT);
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES
    (10,'ACCOUNTING','NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20,'RESEARCH','DALLAS');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES
    (30,'SALES','CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES
    (40,'OPERATIONS','BOSTON');
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,to_date('17-12-1980','dd-mm-    yyyy'),800,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('20-2-1981','dd-mm-    yyyy'),1600,300,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('22-2-1981','dd-mm-    yyyy'),1250,500,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,to_date('2-4-1981','dd-mm-    yyyy'),2975,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('28-9-1981','dd-mm-    yyyy'),1250,1400,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7698,'BLAKE','MANAGER',7839,to_date('1-5-1981','dd-mm-    yyyy'),2850,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7782,'CLARK','MANAGER',7839,to_date('9-6-1981','dd-mm-    yyyy'),2450,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,to_date('13-JUL-87')-85,3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,to_date('17-11-1981','dd-mm-    yyyy'),5000,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7844,'TURNER','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('8-9-1981','dd-mm-    yyyy'),1500,0,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7876,'ADAMS','CLERK',7788,to_date('13-JUL-87')-51,1100,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7900,'JAMES','CLERK',7698,to_date('3-12-1981','dd-mm-    yyyy'),950,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7902,'FORD','ANALYST',7566,to_date('3-12-1981','dd-mm-    yyyy'),3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,to_date('23-1-1982','dd-mm-    yyyy'),1300,NULL,10);
DROP TABLE BONUS;
CREATE TABLE BONUS
    (
    ENAME VARCHAR2(10)  ,
    JOB VARCHAR2(9)  ,
    SAL NUMBER,
    COMM NUMBER
    ) ;
DROP TABLE SALGRADE;
CREATE TABLE SALGRADE
      ( GRADE NUMBER,
    LOSAL NUMBER,
    HISAL NUMBER );
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (1,700,1200);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (2,1201,1400);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (3,1401,2000);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (4,2001,3000);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (5,3001,9999);
COMMIT;

SET TERMOUT ON
SET ECHO ON

问题分析 #

1. 连接上下文错误：脚本中使用CONNECT SCOTT/TIGER@xepdb1切换用户，如果当前初始连接是CDB（容器数据库）而非目标PDB（可插拔数据库xepdb1），切换时可能因权限或网络问题导致断开；同时@xepdb1连接字符串可能与当前环境的TNS配置不匹配。
2. 错误信息被隐藏：脚本开头设置SET TERMOUT OFF和SET ECHO OFF，导致执行过程中无法看到任何错误提示，无法定位断开或创建失败的具体原因。
3. 权限不足：执行脚本的初始用户可能没有CREATE USER、GRANT等必要权限，导致用户创建语句执行失败。
4. 网络不稳定：执行过程中网络连接中断，导致脚本未执行完用户创建步骤就断开。

解决步骤 #

1. 确保初始连接权限与容器正确 #

• 以SYS或SYSTEM用户登录目标PDB（如xepdb1），而非CDB根容器。登录命令示例：

  sqlplus sys/oracle@xepdb1 as sysdba
  

  或先登录CDB后切换到PDB：

  CONNECT sys/oracle as sysdba;
  ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = xepdb1;
  

2. 修改脚本中的连接语句 #

• 注释或替换脚本中的CONNECT SCOTT/TIGER@xepdb1，改为在当前会话中切换用户，避免额外的网络连接操作：

  -- CONNECT SCOTT/TIGER@xepdb1
  CONNECT SCOTT/TIGER;
  

  若必须指定PDB，确保TNS配置文件中存在xepdb1的正确条目。

3. 开启错误输出以便排查 #

• 修改脚本开头的SET语句，开启输出和回显：

  SET TERMOUT ON
  SET ECHO ON
  

  这样执行时能实时看到每一步的执行情况和错误信息。

4. 分步执行脚本 #

• 先手动执行用户创建和授权部分，确认用户创建成功：

  GRANT CONNECT,RESOURCE,UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO SCOTT IDENTIFIED BY TIGER;
  ALTER USER SCOTT DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS;
  ALTER USER SCOTT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP;
  

  执行后查询select username from all_users;确认Scott存在，再继续执行后续的表创建和数据插入语句。

5. 检查网络稳定性 #

• 确保执行SQL*Plus的客户端与Oracle服务器之间网络稳定，避免执行过程中出现连接中断。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者moooo