如何遍历JSON数据获取文件/目录的完整路径？

需求 #

基于给定的JSON数据，从database字段出发，为每个文件和目录生成完整的层级路径，例如logo.png需返回js/assets/icons/logo.png。

现有递归函数的不足 #

你编写的递归函数仅实现了遍历，但未跟踪当前路径、区分文件/目录类型，也没有收集生成的路径结果：

function iterate(obj){
    for(prop in obj){
        if(typeof(obj[prop]) == "object"){
            iterate(obj[prop]);
        }
    }
}

修正后的实现方案 #

以下是可以生成完整路径的递归函数，核心逻辑是跟踪当前路径并区分文件/目录类型，同时收集所有路径结果：

function generateFullPaths(items, currentPath = '', paths = []) {
  items.forEach(item => {
    // 拼接当前项的路径片段
    const newPath = currentPath ? `${currentPath}/${item.name}` : item.name;
    
    if (item.type === 'directory') {
      // 记录目录自身的完整路径，再递归处理子项
      paths.push(newPath);
      generateFullPaths(item.items, newPath, paths);
    } else if (item.type === 'file') {
      // 直接记录文件的完整路径
      paths.push(newPath);
    }
  });
  return paths;
}

// 使用示例：传入JSON的database字段
const sampleData = {
    "project-name": "name of the project",
    "author": "username of the author",
    "date": "DD-MM-YYYY",
    "privacy": "public / private",
    "collaborators": [
        "email-address / user-id of Collaborator-1",
        "email-address / user-id of Collaborator-2"
    ],
    "plan": "active-plan-name",
    "database": [
        {
            "type": "directory",
            "name": "js",
            "items": [
                {
                    "type": "directory",
                    "name": "assets",
                    "items": [
                        {
                            "type": "directory",
                            "name": "icons",
                            "items": [
                                {
                                    "type": "file",
                                    "name": "logo.png",
                                    "content": "path of logo.png"
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "type": "directory",
                    "name": "lib",
                    "items": [
                        {
                            "type": "file",
                            "name": "jquery.min.js",
                            "content": "CONTENT OF jquery.min.js"
                        },
                        {
                            "type": "file",
                            "name": "split.js",
                            "content": "CONTENT OF split.js"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "type": "directory",
                    "name": "src",
                    "items": [
                        {
                            "type": "file",
                            "name": "script.js",
                            "content": "CONTENT OF script.js"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "type": "directory",
            "name": "style",
            "items": [
                {
                    "type": "file",
                    "name": "main.css",
                    "content": "CONTENT OF main.css"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "type": "file",
            "name": "index.html",
            "content": "CONTENT OF index.html"
        }
    ]
};

// 调用函数并输出结果
const allPaths = generateFullPaths(sampleData.database);
console.log(allPaths);

输出结果 #

运行上述代码后，会得到所有文件和目录的完整路径数组：

[
  "js",
  "js/assets",
  "js/assets/icons",
  "js/assets/icons/logo.png",
  "js/lib",
  "js/lib/jquery.min.js",
  "js/lib/split.js",
  "js/src",
  "js/src/script.js",
  "style",
  "style/main.css",
  "index.html"
]

核心逻辑说明 #

1. 路径跟踪：通过currentPath参数传递当前所在的层级路径，初始为空（根目录）。
2. 类型区分：根据type字段判断是目录还是文件，目录需要递归处理子项，文件直接记录路径。
3. 结果收集：通过paths参数累积所有生成的路径，避免全局变量的使用。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Kshitij Tyagi