Mac M1平台编译CMake源码失败，寻求解决方法

环境信息 #

• 系统架构：

$ arch
arm64

• clang版本：

$ clang --version
Apple clang version 14.0.0 (clang-1400.0.29.201)
Target: arm64-apple-darwin22.1.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin

• clang++版本：

$ clang++ --version
Apple clang version 14.0.0 (clang-1400.0.29.201)
Target: arm64-apple-darwin22.1.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin

• CMake源码来源：Kitware/CMake的GitHub仓库master分支
• 当前PATH配置：

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin:/usr/bin:

问题重现 #

执行以下命令尝试编译CMake：

export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cmake/3.25.1

触发bootstrap错误：

---------------------------------------------
CMake 3.25.1, Copyright 2000-2022 Kitware, Inc. and Contributors
---------------------------------------------
Error when bootstrapping CMake:
Cannot find appropriate C compiler on this system.
Please specify one using environment variable CC.
See cmake_bootstrap.log for compilers attempted.

---------------------------------------------
Log of errors: cmake-3.25.1/Bootstrap.cmk/cmake_bootstrap.log
---------------------------------------------

查看错误日志cmake-3.25.1/Bootstrap.cmk/cmake_bootstrap.log，核心错误为：

ld: unknown option: --rpath=/path/to/opt/anacounda3/lib:-L/path/to/opt/anaconda3/lib:
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
Test failed to compile

手动测试链接命令时也出现错误：

clang  -Wl,-rpath,/path/to/opt/anacounda3/lib:-L/path/to/opt/anaconda3/lib: -framework CoreFoundation 

返回：

Undefined symbols for architecture arm64:
  "_main", referenced from:
     implicit entry/start for main executable
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture arm64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

解决步骤 #

1. 清理Anaconda残留的环境变量干扰 #

错误根源是环境中残留的Anaconda相关链接/编译参数（如LDFLAGS），导致CMake的bootstrap过程错误拼接了无效的链接器选项。执行以下命令临时清理这些变量：

unset LDFLAGS
unset CPPFLAGS
unset CFLAGS
unset CXXFLAGS

2. 重新执行配置命令 #

清理环境变量后，重新指定编译器并运行configure：

export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cmake/3.25.1

3. 完成编译与安装 #

如果configure成功，继续执行编译（利用多核加速）和安装：

make -j$(sysctl -n hw.ncpu)
sudo make install

4. 可选：永久消除环境变量干扰 #

若不想每次编译都手动清理，可检查终端配置文件（如~/.zshrc、~/.bash_profile），移除其中Anaconda相关的LDFLAGS、CPPFLAGS等配置项，保存后重启终端即可。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者newkid