如何通过mvn install自动从GitHub下载并本地安装Maven依赖？

问题根源在于：Maven在启动任何生命周期阶段（包括你绑定的validate）之前，会先执行依赖解析与可用性检查。这意味着你的maven-scm-plugin还没来得及克隆并安装依赖，Maven就已经检测到依赖缺失并报错了。

要实现仅执行mvn install完成所有操作，你需要把依赖安装的步骤放到依赖解析之前的阶段执行，以下是两种可行方案：

方案一：使用maven-invoker-plugin调用独立POM完成依赖安装 #

1. 在项目根目录创建dependencies-bootstrap/pom.xml，将原有的maven-scm-plugin配置迁移到这个文件中：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>your.group.id</groupId>
    <artifactId>dependencies-bootstrap</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-scm-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.0.0-M3</version>
                <configuration>
                    <mavenHome>${maven.home}</mavenHome>
                    <goals>install</goals>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>clone_and_install_1st_dependency</id>
                        <phase>validate</phase>
                        <configuration>
                            <connectionUrl>scm:git:https://github.com/my_git/1st_dependency.git</connectionUrl>
                            <scmVersionType>tag</scmVersionType>
                            <scmVersion>${1st_dependency.version}</scmVersion>
                        </configuration>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>bootstrap</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                        <id>clone_and_install_2nd_dependency</id>
                        <phase>validate</phase>
                        <configuration>
                            <connectionUrl>scm:git:https://github.com/my_git/2nd_dependency.git</connectionUrl>
                            <scmVersionType>tag</scmVersionType>
                            <scmVersion>${2nd_dependency.version}</scmVersion>
                        </configuration>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>bootstrap</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2. 在主项目的pom.xml中添加maven-invoker-plugin配置，指定在pre-clean阶段（早于依赖解析）执行这个引导POM：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-invoker-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.5.0</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>install-external-dependencies</id>
            <phase>pre-clean</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>run</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <pom>dependencies-bootstrap/pom.xml</pom>
                <goals>
                    <goal>scm:bootstrap</goal>
                </goals>
                <properties>
                    <1st_dependency.version>${1st_dependency.version}</1st_dependency.version>
                    <2nd_dependency.version>${2nd_dependency.version}</2nd_dependency.version>
                </properties>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

方案二：使用exec-maven-plugin直接执行命令行操作 #

无需额外POM，直接在主项目pom.xml中配置exec-maven-plugin，绑定到pre-clean阶段执行克隆与安装命令：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
    <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.0</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>install-1st-dependency</id>
            <phase>pre-clean</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>exec</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <executable>bash</executable>
                <arguments>
                    <argument>-c</argument>
                    <argument>
                        git clone --branch ${1st_dependency.version} https://github.com/my_git/1st_dependency.git && 
                        cd 1st_dependency && 
                        mvn install -DskipTests && 
                        cd .. && 
                        rm -rf 1st_dependency
                    </argument>
                </arguments>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
        <execution>
            <id>install-2nd-dependency</id>
            <phase>pre-clean</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>exec</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <executable>bash</executable>
                <arguments>
                    <argument>-c</argument>
                    <argument>
                        git clone --branch ${2nd_dependency.version} https://github.com/my_git/2nd_dependency.git && 
                        cd 2nd_dependency && 
                        mvn install -DskipTests && 
                        cd .. && 
                        rm -rf 2nd_dependency
                    </argument>
                </arguments>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

注意事项 #

• 方案二需要环境中已安装git和bash（Windows环境可替换为cmd并调整命令格式）
• 可根据需要添加-DskipTests或其他Maven参数优化依赖安装过程

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Fabrizio