Azure Data Studio连接Docker中MSSQL失败：sa用户登录报错求助

我通过Docker创建了MSSQL Server 2019容器，容器状态为运行中，创建命令如下：

docker run -e "ACCEPT_EULA=Y" -e "MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD=Passw0rd!12" -p 1433:1433 -d mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2019-latest

尝试使用Azure Data Studio连接该SQL Server时，出现错误：Login failed for user 'sa'

错误详情如下：

Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlException (0x80131904): Login failed for user 'sa'.
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection, Action`1 wrapCloseInAction)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning(TdsParserStateObject stateObj, Boolean callerHasConnectionLock, Boolean asyncClose)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.TryRun(RunBehavior runBehavior, SqlCommand cmdHandler, SqlDataReader dataStream, BulkCopySimpleResultSet bulkCopyHandler, TdsParserStateObject stateObj, Boolean& dataReady)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.Run(RunBehavior runBehavior, SqlCommand cmdHandler, SqlDataReader dataStream, BulkCopySimpleResultSet bulkCopyHandler, TdsParserStateObject stateObj)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.CompleteLogin(Boolean enlistOK)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.AttemptOneLogin(ServerInfo serverInfo, String newPassword, SecureString newSecurePassword, Boolean ignoreSniOpenTimeout, TimeoutTimer timeout, Boolean withFailover)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.LoginNoFailover(ServerInfo serverInfo, String newPassword, SecureString newSecurePassword, Boolean redirectedUserInstance, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, SqlCredential credential, TimeoutTimer timeout)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.OpenLoginEnlist(TimeoutTimer timeout, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, SqlCredential credential, String newPassword, SecureString newSecurePassword, Boolean redirectedUserInstance)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds..ctor(DbConnectionPoolIdentity identity, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, SqlCredential credential, Object providerInfo, String newPassword, SecureString newSecurePassword, Boolean redirectedUserInstance, SqlConnectionString userConnectionOptions, SessionData reconnectSessionData, Boolean applyTransientFaultHandling, String accessToken, DbConnectionPool pool)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionFactory.CreateConnection(DbConnectionOptions options, DbConnectionPoolKey poolKey, Object poolGroupProviderInfo, DbConnectionPool pool, DbConnection owningConnection, DbConnectionOptions userOptions)
   at Microsoft.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.CreateNonPooledConnection(DbConnection owningConnection, DbConnectionPoolGroup poolGroup, DbConnectionOptions userOptions)
   at Microsoft.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.<>c__DisplayClass48_0.<CreateReplaceConnectionContinuation>b__0(Task`1 _)
   at System.Threading.Tasks.ContinuationResultTaskFromResultTask`2.InnerInvoke()
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
--- End of stack trace from previous location ---
   at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteWithThreadLocal(Task& currentTaskSlot, Thread threadPoolThread)
--- End of stack trace from previous location ---
   at Microsoft.SqlTools.ServiceLayer.Connection.ReliableConnection.ReliableSqlConnection.<>c__DisplayClass30_0.<<OpenAsync>b__0>d.MoveNext() in D:\a\_work\1\s\src\Microsoft.SqlTools.ManagedBatchParser\ReliableConnection\ReliableSqlConnection.cs:line 312
--- End of stack trace from previous location ---
   at Microsoft.SqlTools.ServiceLayer.Connection.ConnectionService.TryOpenConnection(ConnectionInfo connectionInfo, ConnectParams connectionParams) in D:\a\_work\1\s\src\Microsoft.SqlTools.ServiceLayer\Connection\ConnectionService.cs:line 666
ClientConnectionId:7f82dc23-5d48-4820-9f58-4ccf08416472
Error Number:18456,State:1,Class:14

已尝试重启容器、多次重新输入密码、创建新容器，但均未解决问题，期望成功登录本地服务器。

解决步骤 #

• 验证容器内sa密码有效性
  执行以下命令进入容器并尝试登录SQL Server：

  docker exec -it <容器ID或名称> /opt/mssql-tools/bin/sqlcmd -S localhost -U SA -P "Passw0rd!12"
  

  如果能成功进入SQL命令行，说明密码本身没问题；如果登录失败，需要重新创建容器并确保密码符合复杂度要求（至少8字符，包含大小写字母、数字、特殊字符）。

• 检查Azure Data Studio连接配置

  • 服务器地址填写localhost,1433（明确指定端口）
  • 身份验证选择SQL登录，用户名输入sa
  • 密码确保输入准确，注意特殊字符!和数字的输入，避免输入法切换导致的字符不一致
  • 勾选信任服务器证书选项（容器内SQL Server使用自签名证书，默认不被信任）

• 确认sa账户状态
  进入容器的SQL命令行后，执行以下查询检查sa账户是否被禁用：

  SELECT name, is_disabled FROM sys.server_principals WHERE name = 'sa';
  

  如果is_disabled值为1，执行以下命令启用账户：

  ALTER LOGIN sa ENABLE;
  

• 检查SQL Server身份验证模式
  在容器的SQL命令行中执行以下查询：

  SELECT name, authentication_mode_desc FROM sys.server_properties WHERE name = 'IsIntegratedSecurityOnly';
  

  如果返回的authentication_mode_desc是WINDOWS_ONLY，说明当前仅启用Windows身份验证，需要切换为混合模式：

  EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;
  RECONFIGURE;
  EXEC sp_configure 'mixed authentication mode', 1;
  RECONFIGURE;
  

  执行完成后重启容器：

  docker restart <容器ID或名称>
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Christine Nguyễn