VS2008转VS2022应用调用CDC::StartDoc打印崩溃（预览正常）

问题背景 #

从VS2008移植到VS2022的MFC应用，打印预览功能正常，但调用CDC::StartDoc()时触发崩溃，调试输出报0x80070490（元素未找到）错误，代码未做任何修改，初步怀疑缺失头文件或库文件。

调试输出信息：

onecoreuap\printscan\print\workflow\printsupport\dll\printsupportutil.cpp(573)\Print.PrintSupport.Source.dll!7AC3BA60: (caller: 7AC26A2B) Exception(1) tid(7094) 80070490 Element not found.
Exception thrown at 0x75A37402 in IPC2000.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: wil::ResultException at memory location 0x06B6E4AC.
Exception thrown at 0x75A37402 in IPC2000.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: wil::ResultException at memory location 0x06B6DA50.
Exception thrown at 0x75A37402 in IPC2000.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: wil::ResultException at memory location 0x0018BA70.
Exception thrown at 0x75A37402 in IPC2000.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: [rethrow] at memory location 0x00000000.
Print.PrintSupport.Source.dll!7AC19ED8: ReturnHr(1) tid(6770) 80070490 Element not found.
Msg:[onecoreuap\printscan\print\workflow\printsupport\dll\printsupportutil.cpp(573)\Print.PrintSupport.Source.dll!7AC3BA60: (caller: 7AC26A2B) Exception(1) tid(6770) 80070490 Element not found.
]
Print.PrintSupport.Source.dll!7AC151F7: LogHr(1) tid(6770) 80070490 Element not found.
Exception thrown at 0x75A37402 (KernelBase.dll) in IPC2000.exe: WinRT originate error - 0x80070490 : 'Element not found.'.
Exception thrown at 0x75A37402 in IPC2000.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: winrt::hresult_error at memory location 0x0018BBC8.

解决方案 #

1. 修正DOCINFO结构体初始化 #

VS2022绑定的新版Windows SDK对DOCINFO的字段校验更严格，旧代码可能省略了cbSize的设置，导致系统无法正确识别结构体。必须显式初始化该字段：

DOCINFO di = {0};
di.cbSize = sizeof(DOCINFO); // 关键：必须设置，旧VS2008代码可能遗漏
di.lpszDocName = _T("打印任务");

2. 禁用WinRT打印兼容层 #

调试输出中的WinRT异常表明系统尝试用新打印框架处理旧MFC逻辑，添加编译宏禁用WinRT支持：

• 打开项目属性 → C/C++ → 预处理器 → 预处理器定义，添加_DISABLE_WINRT_SUPPORT

3. 显式链接旧版打印核心库 #

VS2022默认链接新版打印组件，可强制链接旧版winspool.lib（VS2008时代的打印核心库）：

• 项目属性 → 链接器 → 输入 → 附加依赖项，添加winspool.lib

4. 排除打印机驱动问题 #

打印预览正常但StartDoc崩溃，可能是第三方打印机驱动与新版打印框架不兼容。先切换到系统默认的Microsoft Print to PDF测试，若能正常打印，说明需更新打印机驱动。

5. 增加错误捕获调试 #

在StartDoc()调用前后添加错误日志，便于定位更细节的问题：

// 调用StartDoc前获取错误码
DWORD preErr = GetLastError();
TRACE(_T("StartDoc前错误码：%lu\n"), preErr);

int ret = pDC->StartDoc(&di);
if (ret == SP_ERROR) {
    DWORD err = GetLastError();
    CString errMsg;
    errMsg.Format(_T("StartDoc失败，错误码：%lu"), err);
    AfxMessageBox(errMsg);
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者KokoCa