如何修复Void Linux+i3窗口管理器下的字体渲染模糊问题

近期安装了基础版Void Linux及i3窗口管理器，发现系统内所有含文本的程序（Firefox、文件管理器、终端等）字体均严重像素化、显示不流畅。

查阅Void官方文档后，文档提及的命令未能解决问题，字体仍无法平滑渲染。字体显示效果如图所示：

知道需要编辑字体配置文件，但不清楚具体操作，担心误改导致系统故障。

以下是fc-conflist命令的输出：

+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/10-hinting-slight.conf: Set hintslight to hintstyle
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/10-scale-bitmap-fonts.conf: Bitmap scaling
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/11-lcdfilter-default.conf: Use lcddefault as default for LCD filter
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/20-unhint-small-dejavu-sans-mono.conf: No description
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/20-unhint-small-dejavu-sans.conf: No description
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/20-unhint-small-dejavu-serif.conf: No description
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/20-unhint-small-vera.conf: Disable hinting for Bitstream Vera fonts when the size is less than 8ppem
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/30-metric-aliases.conf: Set substitutions for similar/metric-compatible families
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/40-nonlatin.conf: Set substitutions for non-Latin fonts
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/42-luxi-mono.conf: No description
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/45-generic.conf: Set substitutions for emoji/math fonts
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/45-latin.conf: Set substitutions for Latin fonts
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/48-spacing.conf: Add mono to the family when spacing is 100
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/49-sansserif.conf: Add sans-serif to the family when no generic name
+ /home/pavel/.config/fontconfig/conf.d/19-DefaultProperties.conf: No description
+ /home/pavel/.config/fontconfig/conf.d/19-DisplayProperties.conf: No description
+ /home/pavel/.config/fontconfig/conf.d/39-Aliases.conf: No description
+ /home/pavel/.config/fontconfig/conf.d/78-Reject.conf: No description
+ /home/pavel/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf: No description
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/50-user.conf: Load per-user customization files
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/51-local.conf: Load local customization file
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/57-dejavu-sans-mono.conf: No description
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/57-dejavu-sans.conf: No description
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/57-dejavu-serif.conf: No description
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/60-generic.conf: Set preferable fonts for emoji/math fonts
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/60-latin.conf: Set preferable fonts for Latin
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/65-fonts-persian.conf: No description
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/65-nonlatin.conf: Set preferable fonts for non-Latin
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/69-unifont.conf: No description
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/80-delicious.conf: No description
+ /etc/fonts/conf.d/90-synthetic.conf: No description
+ /etc/fonts/fonts.conf: Default configuration file
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/05-reset-dirs-sample.conf: Re-define fonts dirs sample
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/09-autohint-if-no-hinting.conf: Enable autohinter if font doesn't have any hinting
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-autohint.conf: Enable autohinter
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-hinting-full.conf: Set hintfull to hintstyle
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-hinting-medium.conf: Set hintmedium to hintstyle
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-hinting-none.conf: Set hintnone to hintstyle
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-no-sub-pixel.conf: Disable sub-pixel rendering
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-sub-pixel-bgr.conf: Enable sub-pixel rendering with the BGR stripes layout
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-sub-pixel-rgb.conf: Enable sub-pixel rendering with the RGB stripes layout
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-sub-pixel-vbgr.conf: Enable sub-pixel rendering with the vertical BGR stripes layout
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-sub-pixel-vrgb.conf: Enable sub-pixel rendering with the vertical RGB stripes layout
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-unhinted.conf: Disable hinting
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/11-lcdfilter-legacy.conf: Use lcdlegacy as default for LCD filter
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/11-lcdfilter-light.conf: Use lcdlight as default for LCD filter
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/25-unhint-nonlatin.conf: Disable hinting for CJK fonts
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/35-lang-normalize.conf: No description
- /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/65-khmer.conf: No description

解决步骤 #

1. 启用子像素渲染与自动 hinter #

从fc-conflist输出可知，当前未启用子像素渲染和自动 hinter，这是字体像素化的核心原因。执行以下命令（根据屏幕子像素布局选择对应项，多数LCD屏幕为RGB）：

# 启用自动hinter
sudo ln -s /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-autohint.conf /etc/fonts/conf.d/
# 启用RGB子像素渲染（BGR屏幕替换为10-sub-pixel-bgr.conf）
sudo ln -s /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-sub-pixel-rgb.conf /etc/fonts/conf.d/
# 切换至更柔和的LCD滤镜
sudo ln -sf /usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/11-lcdfilter-light.conf /etc/fonts/conf.d/11-lcdfilter-default.conf

2. 配置用户级字体渲染（更安全，不影响系统全局） #

若不想修改系统配置，可在用户目录创建自定义配置文件~/.config/fontconfig/conf.d/20-custom-font-rendering.conf，内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "urn:fontconfig:fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig>
  <!-- 启用自动hinter -->
  <match target="font">
    <edit mode="assign" name="autohint">
      <bool>true</bool>
    </edit>
  </match>
  <!-- 设置RGB子像素渲染 -->
  <match target="font">
    <edit mode="assign" name="rgba">
      <const>rgb</const>
    </edit>
  </match>
  <!-- 启用柔和LCD滤镜 -->
  <match target="font">
    <edit mode="assign" name="lcdfilter">
      <const>lcdlight</const>
    </edit>
  </match>
  <!-- 设置轻微hinting -->
  <match target="font">
    <edit mode="assign" name="hintstyle">
      <const>hintslight</const>
    </edit>
  </match>
</fontconfig>

3. 更新字体缓存并重启程序 #

执行命令刷新字体缓存：

fc-cache -fv

随后重启所有有字体问题的程序，或按Mod+Shift+R重启i3会话。

4. 可选：补充优质字体包 #

Void基础版可能缺少常用字体，安装以下包完善字体库：

sudo xbps-install -S noto-fonts noto-fonts-ttf noto-fonts-emoji

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Comet_Z