Laravel Eloquent多表关联迁移与填充问题求助

刚接触Laravel，在使用数据库填充器（Seeder）和工厂（Factory）构建正确的关联关系时遇到了问题。

创建了四张表：Users、Projekts、Posts、Projekt_User_Pivots。

需求逻辑为：每个Projekt可以关联多个User，每个User可以关联多个Projekt和Post；需要仅展示某个项目内、属于该项目用户的Post。

尝试用填充器和工厂填充数据库，但无法通过工厂建立正确的主键关联，目前只能反复运行填充操作才偶尔成功，这显然不合理，希望得到帮助。

模型代码 #

Post.php #

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use App\Models\User;
use App\Models\Projekt;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use SebastianBergmann\CodeUnit\FunctionUnit;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;

class Post extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    public function user()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
}

Projekt.php #

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use App\Models\Post;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;

class Projekt extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    public function user()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }

    public function projektuserpivot()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(ProjektUserPivot::class);
    }
}

ProjektUserPivot.php #

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class ProjektUserPivot extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    protected $primaryKey = ['user_id', 'projekt_id'];
    public $incrementing = false;

    public function user()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }

    public function projekt()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Projekt::class);
    }

}

User.php #

<?php

namespace App\Models;

// use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\MustVerifyEmail;
use App\Models\Post;
use App\Models\Projekt;
use Laravel\Sanctum\HasApiTokens;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use HasApiTokens, HasFactory, Notifiable;

    /**
     * The attributes that are mass assignable.
     *
     * @var array<int, string>
     */
    protected $fillable = [
        'name',
        'email',
        'password',
    ];

    /**
     * The attributes that should be hidden for serialization.
     *
     * @var array<int, string>
     */
    protected $hidden = [
        'password',
        'remember_token',
    ];

    /**
     * The attributes that should be cast.
     *
     * @var array<string, string>
     */
    protected $casts = [
        'email_verified_at' => 'datetime',
    ];

    public function post()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Post::class);
    }

    public function projekt()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Projekt::class);
    }

    public function projektuserpivot()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(ProjektUserPivot::class);
    }
}

工厂代码 #

PostFactory.php #

<?php

namespace Database\Factories;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
use Spatie\LaravelIgnition\Support\Composer\FakeComposer;

/**
 * @extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\Post>
 */
class PostFactory extends Factory
{
    /**
     * Define the model's default state.
     *
     * @return array<string, mixed>
     */
    public function definition()
    {
        return [
            'user_id' => $this->faker->numberBetween(0,999),
            'title' => $this->faker->realTextBetween(10, 50),
            'body' => $this->faker->realTextBetween(800, 1400),
        ];
    }
}

ProjektFactory.php #

<?php

namespace Database\Factories;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;

/**
 * @extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\Projekt>
 */
class ProjektFactory extends Factory
{
    /**
     * Define the model's default state.
     *
     * @return array<string, mixed>
     */
    public function definition()
    {
        return [
            'name' => $this->faker->realTextBetween(10, 20),
            'user_id' => $this->faker->numberBetween(1,999),
        ];
    }
}

ProjektUserPivotFactory.php #

<?php

namespace Database\Factories;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;

/**
 * @extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\ProjektUserPivot>
 */
class ProjektUserPivotFactory extends Factory
{
    /**
     * Define the model's default state.
     *
     * @return array<string, mixed>
     */
    public function definition()
    {
        return [
            'user_id' => $this->faker->numberBetween(1,999),
            'projekt_id' => $this->faker->numberBetween(1,20),
        ];
    }
}

UserFactory.php #

<?php

namespace Database\Factories;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;

/**
 * @extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\User>
 */
class UserFactory extends Factory
{
    /**
     * Define the model's default state.
     *
     * @return array<string, mixed>
     */
    public function definition()
    {
        return [
            'name' => fake()->name(),
            'email' => fake()->unique()->safeEmail(),
            'email_verified_at' => now(),
            'password' => '$2y$10$92IXUNpkjO0rOQ5byMi.Ye4oKoEa3Ro9llC/.og/at2.uheWG/igi', // password
            'remember_token' => Str::random(10),
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Indicate that the model's email address should be unverified.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function unverified()
    {
        return $this->state(fn (array $attributes) => [
            'email_verified_at' => null,
        ]);
    }
}

迁移代码 #

2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.php #

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('name');
            $table->string('email')->unique();
            $table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
            $table->string('password');
            $table->rememberToken();
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('users');
    }
};

2022_12_08_154030_create_projekts_table.php #

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('projekts', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
            $table->string('name');
            $table->timestamps();
            $table->softDeletes();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('projekts');
    }
};

2022_12_08_154042_create_posts_table.php #

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
            $table->string('title');
            $table->text('body');
            $table->timestamps();
            $table->softDeletes();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('posts');
    }
};

2022_12_09_114733_create_projekt_user_pivots_table.php #

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('projekt_user_pivots', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
            $table->unsignedBigInteger('projekt_id');
            $table->primary(['user_id','projekt_id']);
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('projekt_user_pivots');
    }
};

填充器代码 #

DatabaseSeeder.php #

<?php

namespace Database\Seeders;

// use Illuminate\Database\Console\Seeds\WithoutModelEvents;
use App\Models\Post;
use App\Models\User;
use App\Models\Projekt;
use App\Models\ProjektUserPivot;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;

class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{
    /**
     * Seed the application's database.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function run()
    {
        User::factory(10)
            ->has(Post::factory()->count(10))
            ->has(Projekt::factory()->count(2))
            ->has(ProjektUserPivot::factory()->count(4))
        ->create();
    }
}

PostSeeder.php #

<?php

namespace Database\Seeders;

use Illuminate\Database\Console\Seeds\WithoutModelEvents;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;

class PostSeeder extends Seeder
{
    /**
     * Run the database seeds.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function run()
    {
        //
    }
}

ProjektSeeder.php #

<?php

namespace Database\Seeders;

use Illuminate\Database\Console\Seeds\WithoutModelEvents;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;

class ProjektSeeder extends Seeder
{
    /**
     * Run the database seeds.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function run()
    {

    }
}

ProjektUserPivotSeeder.php #

<?php

namespace Database\Seeders;

use Illuminate\Database\Console\Seeds\WithoutModelEvents;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;

class ProjektUserPivotSeeder extends Seeder
{
    /**
     * Run the database seeds.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function run()
    {
        //
    }
}

我知道问题产生的原因，但不知道如何解决？

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者G0ngB0ng