MacOS Ventura安装PyAudio报错：找不到portaudio.h文件

报错信息 #

Building wheels for collected packages: pyaudio
  WARNING: Ignoring --global-option when building pyaudio using PEP 517
  Building wheel for pyaudio (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × Building wheel for pyaudio (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [16 lines of output]
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-cpython-39
      copying src/pyaudio.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-cpython-39
      running build_ext
      building '_portaudio' extension
      creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-cpython-39
      creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-cpython-39/src
      gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch x86_64 -g -DMACOSX=1 -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include -I/Users/myname/PycharmProjects/a/venv/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9 -c src/_portaudiomodule.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-cpython-39/src/_portaudiomodule.o
      src/_portaudiomodule.c:31:10: fatal error: 'portaudio.h' file not found
      #include "portaudio.h"
               ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
      1 error generated.
      error: command '/usr/bin/gcc' failed with exit code 1
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for pyaudio
Failed to build pyaudio
ERROR: Could not build wheels for pyaudio, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

已尝试操作 #

• 通过brew卸载并重装portaudio，更新所有组件
• 安装Xcode命令行工具
• 在Anaconda环境中尝试安装，仍出现相同错误
• 已安装wheel且依赖满足

疑问 #

推测系统忽略了全局portaudio，转而寻找其他版本？请问应将portaudio文件放置在何处才能被系统识别？求可行的修复建议。

方案1：指定PortAudio路径给pip编译 #

根据Mac芯片类型，直接告诉编译器PortAudio的安装路径：

Intel芯片Mac #

pip install pyaudio --no-use-pep517 --global-option='build_ext' --global-option='-I/usr/local/include' --global-option='-L/usr/local/lib'

Apple Silicon芯片Mac #

pip install pyaudio --no-use-pep517 --global-option='build_ext' --global-option='-I/opt/homebrew/include' --global-option='-L/opt/homebrew/lib'

（加--no-use-pep517是避开PEP 517对全局参数的限制）

方案2：使用预编译包跳过编译 #

• 若使用Anaconda环境，直接安装conda预编译版本：

conda install -c conda-forge pyaudio

• 或用brew直接安装绑定好的PyAudio：

brew install portaudio
brew install pyaudio

方案3：手动复制文件到系统默认搜索目录 #

如果上述方法无效，手动将PortAudio文件放到编译器默认扫描的位置：

• 把portaudio.h复制到/usr/local/include目录
• 把PortAudio的库文件（如libportaudio.dylib）复制到/usr/local/lib目录
  之后再运行pip install pyaudio

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Erika