Python Selenium中如何给XPath传入多个变量？元素定位问题

我正在编写Python代码，用XPath定位'SECTION A'与'SECTION B'之间的元素，原代码如下：

driver.find_elements("xpath", "//*[preceding-sibling::div[contains(@class,'titleWrap') and .//div[contains(@data-section-name,'SECTION A')]] and following-sibling::div[contains(@class,'titleWrap') and .//div[contains(@data-section-name,'SECTION B')]]]//span[normalize-space(text()) and contains(@class,'label')] ")

现在想要实现定位任意两个区间（比如SECTION B与SECTION C等）之间的元素，打算编写一个可传入起始section和结束section参数的函数，但不知道怎么修改代码让XPath支持传入两个变量。我知道可以用%s，但以为它仅支持单个变量，当前尝试的代码如下：

driver.find_elements("xpath", "//*[preceding-sibling::div[contains(@class,'titleWrap') and .//div[contains(@data-section-name,'%s')]] and following-sibling::div[contains(@class,'titleWrap') and .//div[contains(@data-section-name,'SECTION B')]]]//span[normalize-space(text()) and contains(@class,'label')] "%firstsection) #如何给'SECTION B'传入secondsection变量？

解决方法 #

其实%s支持传入多个变量，只需要在字符串末尾的元组里按顺序传入对应参数即可。除此之外，还可以用更简洁的f-string或者str.format()方法，以下是三种实现方式：

1. 多变量%s格式化

def get_elements_between_sections(driver, first_section, second_section):
    xpath = "//*[preceding-sibling::div[contains(@class,'titleWrap') and .//div[contains(@data-section-name,'%s')]] and following-sibling::div[contains(@class,'titleWrap') and .//div[contains(@data-section-name,'%s')]]]//span[normalize-space(text()) and contains(@class,'label')]" % (first_section, second_section)
    return driver.find_elements("xpath", xpath)

2. f-string格式化（Python 3.6+推荐）

这种方式可读性更强，直接在字符串里嵌入变量：

def get_elements_between_sections(driver, first_section, second_section):
    xpath = f"//*[preceding-sibling::div[contains(@class,'titleWrap') and .//div[contains(@data-section-name,'{first_section}')]] and following-sibling::div[contains(@class,'titleWrap') and .//div[contains(@data-section-name,'{second_section}')]]]//span[normalize-space(text()) and contains(@class,'label')]"
    return driver.find_elements("xpath", xpath)

3. str.format()方法

兼容性更好，适合Python 3.6之前的版本：

def get_elements_between_sections(driver, first_section, second_section):
    xpath = "//*[preceding-sibling::div[contains(@class,'titleWrap') and .//div[contains(@data-section-name,'{}')]] and following-sibling::div[contains(@class,'titleWrap') and .//div[contains(@data-section-name,'{}')]]]//span[normalize-space(text()) and contains(@class,'label')]".format(first_section, second_section)
    return driver.find_elements("xpath", xpath)

使用时直接调用函数即可，比如：

elements = get_elements_between_sections(driver, "SECTION B", "SECTION C")

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Jimmy