使用Amazon SES sendRawEmail发邮件仅BCC生效，TO/CC失效求解决

我在使用Amazon SES的sendRawEmail接口发送邮件时遇到异常：只有当收件人在BCC邮件头时能成功发送，TO或CC字段包含收件人时完全发不出去。查了官方文档也没找到原因，附上我的代码，求帮忙排查：

public void send(Payload request) throws MessagingException, IOException {
    List<String> recipients = new LinkedList<>();

    String from = request.getFrom();
    String targetEmail = request.getRecipient();
    String ccEmail = request.getCc();
    String bccEmail = request.getBcc();

    Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(new Properties());
    MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);

    message.setSubject(request.getSubject());
    message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
    if (targetEmail != null) {
        message.setRecipients(RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse(targetEmail));
        recipients.add(targetEmail);
    }
    if (ccEmail != null) {
        message.setRecipients(RecipientType.CC, InternetAddress.parse(ccEmail));
        recipients.add(ccEmail);
    }
    if (bccEmail != null) {
        message.setRecipients(RecipientType.BCC, InternetAddress.parse(bccEmail));
        recipients.add(bccEmail);
    }
    MimeBodyPart htmlPart = new MimeBodyPart();
    htmlPart.setContent(request.getBody(), "text/html; charset=UTF-8;");

    MimeMultipart bodyContainer = new MimeMultipart("alternative");
    bodyContainer.addBodyPart(htmlPart);

    MimeBodyPart htmlWrapper = new MimeBodyPart();
    htmlWrapper.setContent(bodyContainer);

    MimeMultipart messageContainer = new MimeMultipart("mixed");
    messageContainer.addBodyPart(htmlWrapper);

    Attachment attachment = request.getAttachment();
    if (Objects.nonNull(attachment)) {
        MimeBodyPart attachmentBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
        DataHandler dataHandler = new DataHandler(attachment.getByteArrayDataSource());

        attachmentBodyPart.setDataHandler(dataHandler);
        attachmentBodyPart.setFileName(attachment.getFileName());

        messageContainer.addBodyPart(attachmentBodyPart);
    }

    message.setContent(messageContainer);

    ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    message.writeTo(outputStream);

    RawMessage rawMessage = new RawMessage(ByteBuffer.wrap(outputStream.toByteArray()));

    SendRawEmailRequest rawEmailRequest = new SendRawEmailRequest(rawMessage);
    rawEmailRequest.withSource(from);
    rawEmailRequest.withDestinations(recipients);

    SendRawEmailResult sendRawEmailResult = amazonSimpleEmailService.sendRawEmail(rawEmailRequest);
    log.info("Email sent. MessageId: {}", targetEmail, ccEmail, bccEmail, sendRawEmailResult.getMessageId());
}

核心问题分析 #

你的代码存在两个关键问题，直接导致TO/CC收件人无法正常发送：

1. 收件人列表格式错误
   当targetEmail或ccEmail是多个用逗号分隔的邮箱地址时，InternetAddress.parse()能正确解析为多个InternetAddress对象，但你直接把原始的带逗号的字符串（比如"a@xx.com,b@xx.com"）添加到recipients列表中。而SES的withDestinations()要求列表中的每个元素都是单个有效的邮箱地址，不是带分隔符的字符串。这种情况下，TO/CC对应的地址会被SES判定为无效邮箱，导致发送失败；如果你的BCC只传单个邮箱，就不会触发这个问题。

2. SendRawEmail参数逻辑冲突
   使用sendRawEmail时，如果你指定了Destinations参数，SES会忽略邮件头中的TO/CC/BCC信息，直接使用这个参数里的地址作为收件人。你同时在邮件头设置了TO/CC，又把这些地址加到Destinations，虽然逻辑上看似一致，但格式错误的Destinations列表会直接导致TO/CC的地址无法被正确识别。

修复方案 #

1. 正确拆分收件人到列表

不要直接添加原始字符串，而是将InternetAddress.parse()返回的地址逐个提取出来加入recipients：

// 替换原有的TO/CC/BCC处理逻辑
if (targetEmail != null) {
    InternetAddress[] toAddresses = InternetAddress.parse(targetEmail);
    message.setRecipients(RecipientType.TO, toAddresses);
    for (InternetAddress addr : toAddresses) {
        recipients.add(addr.getAddress());
    }
}
if (ccEmail != null) {
    InternetAddress[] ccAddresses = InternetAddress.parse(ccEmail);
    message.setRecipients(RecipientType.CC, ccAddresses);
    for (InternetAddress addr : ccAddresses) {
        recipients.add(addr.getAddress());
    }
}
if (bccEmail != null) {
    InternetAddress[] bccAddresses = InternetAddress.parse(bccEmail);
    message.setRecipients(RecipientType.BCC, bccAddresses);
    for (InternetAddress addr : bccAddresses) {
        recipients.add(addr.getAddress());
    }
}

2. 可选优化：移除Destinations参数（推荐）

如果你已经在原始邮件中正确设置了TO/CC/BCC头，可以直接移除withDestinations()的调用。SES会自动解析原始邮件中的收件人信息，这样能避免参数和邮件头的冲突：

SendRawEmailRequest rawEmailRequest = new SendRawEmailRequest(rawMessage);
rawEmailRequest.withSource(from);
// 移除这一行：rawEmailRequest.withDestinations(recipients);

额外排查点 #

• 确认发件地址from已经在SES控制台完成验证（邮箱或域名验证），SES不允许发送未验证的发件地址。
• 确认TO/CC的收件人地址没有被SES列入黑名单，且如果是发送到外部邮箱，你的SES账户已经移出沙箱（沙箱环境下只能发送到已验证的收件人）。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者N. G.