运行React Native应用遇构建错误：无法解析gradle:7.2.1

问题现象 #

构建React Native应用时触发错误：

配置根项目'testttt'时发生错误，无法确定null的依赖项，无法解析':classpath'配置的所有任务依赖，无法解析com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.2.1

对应的根build.gradle配置如下：

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.

buildscript {
    ext {
        buildToolsVersion = "31.0.0"
        minSdkVersion = 21
        compileSdkVersion = 31
        targetSdkVersion = 31

        if (System.properties['os.arch'] == "aarch64") {
            // For M1 Users we need to use the NDK 24 which added support for aarch64
            ndkVersion = "24.0.8215888"
        } else {
            // Otherwise we default to the side-by-side NDK version from AGP.
            ndkVersion = "21.4.7075529"
        }
    }
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath("com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.2.1")
        classpath("com.facebook.react:react-native-gradle-plugin")
        classpath("de.undercouch:gradle-download-task:5.0.1")
        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        maven {
            // All of React Native (JS, Obj-C sources, Android binaries) is installed from npm
            url("$rootDir/../node_modules/react-native/android")
        }
        maven {
            // Android JSC is installed from npm
            url("$rootDir/../node_modules/jsc-android/dist")
        }
        mavenCentral {
            // We don't want to fetch react-native from Maven Central as there are
            // older versions over there.
            content {
                excludeGroup "com.facebook.react"
            }
        }
        google()
        maven { url 'https://www.jitpack.io' }
    }
}

解决方法 #

• 校验Gradle与AGP版本兼容性
  AGP 7.2.1要求Gradle版本至少为7.3.3。打开项目根目录下的gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties，确保distributionUrl指向对应版本：

  distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.3.3-all.zip
  

• 优化仓库配置（适配网络受限环境）
  若无法正常访问官方仓库，在buildscript和allprojects的repositories中添加国内镜像仓库，放在官方仓库之前：

  buildscript {
      repositories {
          maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google' }
          maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public' }
          google()
          mavenCentral()
      }
      // 其他原有配置
  }
  
  allprojects {
      repositories {
          maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google' }
          maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public' }
          // 其他原有仓库配置
      }
  }
  

• 清理缓存并刷新依赖
  执行命令清理Gradle缓存并强制重新拉取依赖：

  • Windows：gradlew clean build --refresh-dependencies
  • macOS/Linux：./gradlew clean build --refresh-dependencies
    也可手动删除项目根目录下的.gradle/caches文件夹，以及用户目录下的~/.gradle/caches文件夹。

• 检查代理设置
  确认本地代理未拦截Gradle的仓库请求，若使用代理需在gradle.properties中正确配置代理信息，或暂时关闭代理尝试构建。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者BennKingy