无法连接Mongoose/MongoDB：ECONNREFUSED错误求助

问题描述 #

尝试向数据库添加数据时，终端抛出如下错误：

const serverSelectionError = new ServerSelectionError();
                               ^

MongooseServerSelectionError: connect ECONNREFUSED ::1:27017
    at Connection.openUri (C:\Users\88cro\Desktop\blog\node_modules\mongoose\lib\connection.js:825:32)
    at C:\Users\88cro\Desktop\blog\node_modules\mongoose\lib\index.js:417:10
    at C:\Users\88cro\Desktop\blog\node_modules\mongoose\lib\helpers\promiseOrCallback.js:41:5
    at new Promise (<anonymous>)
    at promiseOrCallback (C:\Users\88cro\Desktop\blog\node_modules\mongoose\lib\helpers\promiseOrCallback.js:40:10)
    at Mongoose._promiseOrCallback (C:\Users\88cro\Desktop\blog\node_modules\mongoose\lib\index.js:1270:10)
    at Mongoose.connect (C:\Users\88cro\Desktop\blog\node_modules\mongoose\lib\index.js:416:20)
    at Object.<anonymous> (C:\Users\88cro\Desktop\blog\server.js:6:10)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1159:14)
    at Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1213:10) {
  reason: TopologyDescription {
    type: 'Unknown',
    servers: Map(1) {
      'localhost:27017' => ServerDescription {
        address: 'localhost:27017',
        type: 'Unknown',
        hosts: [],
        passives: [],
        arbiters: [],
        tags: {},
        minWireVersion: 0,
        maxWireVersion: 0,
        roundTripTime: -1,
        lastUpdateTime: 162133351,
        lastWriteDate: 0,
        error: MongoNetworkError: connect ECONNREFUSED ::1:27017
            at connectionFailureError (C:\Users\88cro\Desktop\blog\node_modules\mongodb\lib\cmap\connect.js:387:20)
            at Socket.<anonymous> (C:\Users\88cro\Desktop\blog\node_modules\mongodb\lib\cmap\connect.js:310:22)
            at Object.onceWrapper (node:events:628:26)
            at Socket.emit (node:events:513:28)
            at emitErrorNT (node:internal/streams/destroy:151:8)
            at emitErrorCloseNT (node:internal/streams/destroy:116:3)
            at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:82:21) {
          cause: Error: connect ECONNREFUSED ::1:27017
              at TCPConnectWrap.afterConnect [as oncomplete] (node:net:1284:16) {
            errno: -4078,
            code: 'ECONNREFUSED',
            syscall: 'connect',
            address: '::1',
            port: 27017
          },
          [Symbol(errorLabels)]: Set(1) { 'ResetPool' }
        },
        topologyVersion: null,
        setName: null,
        setVersion: null,
        electionId: null,
        logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes: null,
        primary: null,
        me: null,
        '$clusterTime': null
      }
    },
    stale: false,
    compatible: true,
    heartbeatFrequencyMS: 10000,
    localThresholdMS: 15,
    setName: null,
    maxElectionId: null,
    maxSetVersion: null,
    commonWireVersion: 0,
    logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes: null
  },
  code: undefined
}

Node.js v19.0.1
[nodemon] app crashed - waiting for file changes before starting...

已安装并运行MongoDB Atlas和mongoshell，但问题仍未解决。当前Express和Mongoose配置代码如下：

const express = require('express')
const mongoose = require('mongoose')
const articleRouter = require('./routes/articles')
const app = express()

mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/blog', {useNewUrlParser: true})

app.set('view engine', 'ejs')

app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: false }))

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
    const articles = [{
        title: 'Test title',
        createdAt: new Date(),
        description: 'Test description'
    }]
    res.render('articles/index', { articles: articles })
})

app.use('/articles', articleRouter)

app.listen(5000)

解决方案 #

方案1：启动本地MongoDB服务 #

你的代码当前连接的是本地MongoDB实例（mongodb://localhost/blog），错误显示本地MongoDB服务未运行，导致连接被拒绝：

• Windows：打开服务管理器，找到MongoDB服务，确保状态为正在运行；或在管理员终端执行net start MongoDB。
• macOS/Linux：通过Homebrew安装的可执行brew services start mongodb-community；或用系统服务执行sudo systemctl start mongod。
• 服务启动后，重启Node.js应用即可。

方案2：改用MongoDB Atlas连接字符串 #

若想使用云端的MongoDB Atlas，需替换连接URL为Atlas提供的官方字符串：

1. 登录MongoDB Atlas控制台，进入目标集群，点击Connect -> Connect your application。
2. 选择Node.js驱动，复制生成的连接字符串（格式为mongodb+srv://<username>:<password>@cluster0.mongodb.net/blog?retryWrites=true&w=majority）。
3. 替换代码中的连接URL，注意将<username>和<password>替换为你的Atlas账户凭据：

   mongoose.connect('mongodb+srv://your_username:your_password@cluster0.mongodb.net/blog?retryWrites=true&w=majority')
   

4. 确保Atlas网络访问设置中，已将你的IP地址加入白名单（测试阶段可临时允许所有IP访问）。

额外优化建议 #

• 给mongoose.connect添加错误捕获，方便快速定位问题：

  mongoose.connect('your_connection_url')
    .then(() => console.log('MongoDB连接成功'))
    .catch(err => console.error('MongoDB连接失败:', err));
  

• 避免硬编码敏感信息，可使用dotenv包将密码等存储在环境变量中。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Carlos