Spring Data项目运行报错：找不到jakarta.persistence.EntityManagerFactory类

我正在学习Spring Data并开发一个类似练习清单的项目，计划通过Hibernate将数据存储至MySQL，但调用接口时出现异常。

Controller代码 #

@Controller
public class UserController {
    private final IUserService userService;

    @Autowired
    public UserController(IUserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }

    @PostMapping(path = "/user/create")
    public ResponseEntity<UserPojo> createUser(@RequestBody User user) {
        UserPojo result = userService.createUser(user);
        return new ResponseEntity<>(result, HttpStatus.OK);
    }

    @GetMapping(path = "/user/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<UserPojo> getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        UserPojo result = userService.getUser(id);
        return new ResponseEntity<>(result, HttpStatus.OK);
    }
}

Service代码 #

@Service
public class UserService implements IUserService {
    @PersistenceContext
    EntityManager entityManager;

    private final Converter converter;

    @Autowired
    public UserService(Converter converter) {
        this.converter = converter;
    }

    @Override
    @Transactional
    public UserPojo createUser(User user) {

        entityManager.persist(user);

        return converter.userToPojo(user);
    }
}

报错信息 #

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: jakarta.persistence.EntityManagerFactory
    org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1449)
    org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1257)
    java.base/java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
    java.base/java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:488)
    java.base/java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:467)
    java.base/sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory.makeNamedType(CoreReflectionFactory.java:114)

问题分析与解决方案 #

该错误是因为项目无法找到jakarta.persistence.EntityManagerFactory类，核心原因是缺少Jakarta Persistence API相关依赖，或Spring与Hibernate版本不兼容（Spring Boot 3.x及以上改用Jakarta EE规范，替代了旧Java EE的javax包）。

解决步骤：

1. 检查pom.xml，确保引入spring-boot-starter-data-jpa依赖，该依赖会自动引入Hibernate及Jakarta Persistence API，无需单独添加：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. 若手动添加了持久化依赖，确认是Jakarta版本而非javax版本，比如将javax.persistence:javax.persistence-api替换为jakarta.persistence:jakarta.persistence-api。
3. 确保Spring Boot与Hibernate版本匹配：Spring Boot 3.x对应Hibernate 6.x，Spring Boot 2.x对应Hibernate 5.x（使用javax包），避免版本混搭导致API不兼容。
4. 检查application.properties/application.yml的数据库配置是否完整正确：

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/your_database_name
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=your_password
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Dmytro Sydoruk