SQLiteCPP编译报错：undefined reference to sqlite3_libversion（已链接-lsqlite3）

问题背景 #

已完成SQLiteCpp的编译安装，步骤如下：

• 克隆SQLiteCpp仓库
• 执行build.sh
• 进入build目录，依次执行make、make all、sudo make install
• 确认头文件已复制到/usr/local/include目录

当前VS Code task.json配置 #

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "cppbuild",
            "label": "C/C++: g++ build active file",
            "command": "/usr/bin/g++",
            "args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-fsanitize=address",
                "-I/usr/local/include/",
                "-I/usr/local/lib/wx/include/gtk3-unicode-3.2",
                 "-I/usr/local/include/wx-3.2", 
                 "-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64",
                  "-DWXUSINGDLL", 
                  "-D__WXGTK__", 
                  "-pthread",
                "-g3",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
                "-L/usr/local/lib", 
                "-pthread",   
                "-lwx_gtk3u_xrc-3.2", 
                "-lwx_gtk3u_html-3.2", 
                "-lwx_gtk3u_qa-3.2", 
                "-lwx_gtk3u_core-3.2", 
                "-lwx_baseu_xml-3.2", 
                "-lwx_baseu_net-3.2", 
                "-lwx_baseu-3.2",
                "-lsqlite3",
                "-lSQLiteCpp"
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

编译错误输出 #

Starting build...
/usr/bin/g++ -fdiagnostics-color=always -fsanitize=address -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/lib/wx/include/gtk3-unicode-3.2 -I/usr/local/include/wx-3.2 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -DWXUSINGDLL -D__WXGTK__ -pthread -g3 /home/me/src/no_cmake/src/main.cpp -o /home/me/src/no_cmake/src/main -L/usr/local/lib -pthread -lwx_gtk3u_xrc-3.2 -lwx_gtk3u_html-3.2 -lwx_gtk3u_qa-3.2 -lwx_gtk3u_core-3.2 -lwx_baseu_xml-3.2 -lwx_baseu_net-3.2 -lwx_baseu-3.2 -lsqlite3 -lSQLiteCpp
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libSQLiteCpp.a(Database.cpp.o): in function `SQLite::getLibVersion()':
/home/me/src/SQLiteCpp/src/Database.cpp:52: undefined reference to `sqlite3_libversion'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libSQLiteCpp.a(Database.cpp.o): in function `SQLite::getLibVersionNumber()':
/home/me/src/SQLiteCpp/src/Database.cpp:58: undefined reference to `sqlite3_libversion_number'

解决方法 #

1. 调整库的链接顺序 #

问题出在静态库的链接顺序：g++链接器从左到右处理库文件，当处理libSQLiteCpp.a时，它引用了sqlite3的函数，但此时libsqlite3.so还未被扫描，导致未定义引用错误。

需要将-lSQLiteCpp移到-lsqlite3之前，修改后的args部分相关内容如下：

"-lwx_baseu-3.2",
"-lSQLiteCpp",
"-lsqlite3"

2. 关于CMake设置的说明 #

你看到的几个CMake设置：

set(SQLITECPP_RUN_CPPCHECK OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
set(SQLITECPP_RUN_CPPLINT OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
set(SQLITECPP_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)

这些分别是代码检查开关、静态运行时库开关，和当前的链接错误完全无关，不需要在编译时额外配置。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Chemdream