Ubuntu 18.04/20.04 Preseed+Packer部署磁盘格式化卡滞问题求助

我之前在使用Packer配合preseed自动化部署Ubuntu服务器镜像时，也遇到过几乎一模一样的问题，咱们针对性来解决：

问题1：Ubuntu 18.04卡在"Confirm destructive action"弹窗循环选No #

这个问题的核心是你缺少了确认删除磁盘所有现有分区的preseed参数。安装程序在执行自动分区前会弹出确认销毁磁盘数据的弹窗，而你的配置里没有自动确认这个操作的指令，导致默认选"No"，陷入循环。

需要在boot_command中添加以下行：

" d-i partman/confirm_delete_all boolean true<wait>",

另外，建议把partman-auto/init_automatically_partition从biggest_free改为guided，更适配18.04 live-server的安装流程：

" d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition select guided<wait>",

问题2：Ubuntu 20.04卡在"Guided Storage Configuration"界面 #

Ubuntu 20.04 Server使用了全新的Subiquity安装器，不再兼容旧的debian-installer（d-*）系列参数，这是你卡住的关键原因。你需要改用Subiquity的autoinstall配置方式：

调整boot_command开头 #

替换原来的d-i auto-install/enable boolean true为Subiquity的自动安装启动参数：

"autoinstall ds=nocloud-net;s=http://{{ .HTTPIP }}:{{ .HTTPPort }}/<wait>",

添加Subiquity专属的存储配置参数 #

在boot_command中添加存储配置的JSON（直接嵌入到preseed参数里），同时添加确认指令：

" subiquity/storage/config string {\"layout\": {\"name\": \"direct\"}, \"swap\": {\"size\": 0}}<wait>",
" subiquity/storage/confirm boolean true<wait>",

另外，20.04的很多原d-i参数需要替换为Subiquity版本，比如：

• 替换d-i debconf/priority select critical为subiquity/debconf/priority select critical
• 替换d-i passwd/root-login boolean true为subiquity/root-login boolean true
• 替换d-i passwd/root-password-crypted password !!为subiquity/root-password-crypted password !!

完整可用的Packer配置示例 #

适配Ubuntu 18.04的配置片段 #

{
  "builders": [
    {
      "type": "vsphere-iso",
      "vcenter_server": "{{user `vsphere_server`}}",
      "username": "{{user `vsphere_username`}}",
      "password": "{{user `vsphere_password`}}",
      "insecure_connection": "true",
      "vm_name": "T-ubuntu-1804",
      "datastore": "{{user `vsphere_datastore`}}",
      "folder": "{{user `vsphere_folder`}}",
      "host": "{{user `vsphere_host`}}",
      "convert_to_template": "true",
      "network": "{{user `vsphere_network`}}",
      "boot_order": "disk,cdrom",
      "guest_os_type": "ubuntu64Guest",
      "CPUs": 1,
      "RAM": 2048,
      "RAM_reserve_all": false,
      "disk_controller_type": "pvscsi",
      "disk_size": 80000,
      "disk_thin_provisioned": false,
      "network_card": "vmxnet3",
      "ssh_username": "{{user `ssh_username`}}",
      "ssh_password": "{{user `ssh_password`}}",
      "iso_paths": ["[datastore1] ISO/Linux/ubuntu-18.04.4-live-server-amd64.iso"],
      "boot_command": [
        " d-i auto-install/enable boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i debconf/priority select critical<wait>",
        " d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US.UTF-8<wait>",
        " d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect en_US.UTF-8<wait>",
        " d-i console-setup/ask_detect boolean false<wait>",
        " d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select GB<wait>",
        " d-i /choose_interface select auto<wait>",
        " d-i netcfg/get_hostname string unassigned-hostname<wait>",
        " d-i netcfg/get_domain string unassigned-domain<wait>",
        " d-i hw-detect/load_firmware boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i mirror/country string manual<wait>",
        " d-i mirror/http/hostname string archive.ubuntu.com<wait>",
        " d-i mirror/http/directory string /ubuntu<wait>",
        " d-i mirror/http/proxy string<wait>",
        " d-i passwd/root-login boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i passwd/root-password-crypted password !!<wait>",
        " d-i passwd/make-user boolean false<wait>",
        " d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i time/zone string UTC<wait>",
        " d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i clock-setup/ntp-server string ntp.ubuntu.com<wait>",
        " d-i preseed/early_command string umount /media || true<wait>",
        " d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i partman-efi/non_efi_system boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda<wait>",
        " d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition select guided<wait>",
        " d-i partman-auto/method string regular<wait>",
        " d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic<wait>",
        " d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i partman/choose_partition select finish<wait>",
        " d-i partman/confirm boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i partman/confirm_delete_all boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i partman-auto/confirm boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i base-installer/install-recommends boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i base-installer/kernel/image string linux-generic<wait>",
        " d-i debconf debconf/frontend select Noninteractive<wait>",
        " d-i apt-setup/restricted boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i apt-setup/universe boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i apt-setup/backports boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i apt-setup/use_mirror boolean false<wait>",
        " d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security, updates<wait>",
        " d-i apt-setup/security_host string security.ubuntu.com<wait>",
        " d-i apt-setup/security_path string /ubuntu<wait>",
        " d-i tasksel/first multiselect none<wait>",
        " d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server vim git tmux build-essential open-vm-tools telnet wget curl python<wait>",
        " d-i pkgsel/upgrade select full-upgrade<wait>",
        " d-i pkgsel/update-policy select unattended-upgrades<wait>",
        " d-i debian-installer/splash boolean false<wait>",
        " d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean true<wait>",
        " d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note<wait>",
        " d-i debian-installer/exit/poweroff boolean true<wait>"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "provisioners": [
    {
      "type": "shell",
      "inline": ["echo 'Template build complete'"]
    }
  ]
}

适配Ubuntu 20.04的配置片段 #

{
  "builders": [
    {
      "type": "vsphere-iso",
      "vcenter_server": "{{user `vsphere_server`}}",
      "username": "{{user `vsphere_username`}}",
      "password": "{{user `vsphere_password`}}",
      "insecure_connection": "true",
      "vm_name": "T-ubuntu-2004",
      "datastore": "{{user `vsphere_datastore`}}",
      "folder": "{{user `vsphere_folder`}}",
      "host": "{{user `vsphere_host`}}",
      "convert_to_template": "true",
      "network": "{{user `vsphere_network`}}",
      "boot_order": "disk,cdrom",
      "guest_os_type": "ubuntu64Guest",
      "CPUs": 1,
      "RAM": 2048,
      "RAM_reserve_all": false,
      "disk_controller_type": "pvscsi",
      "disk_size": 80000,
      "disk_thin_provisioned": false,
      "network_card": "vmxnet3",
      "ssh_username": "{{user `ssh_username`}}",
      "ssh_password": "{{user `ssh_password`}}",
      "iso_paths": ["[datastore1] ISO/Linux/ubuntu-20.04.6-live-server-amd64.iso"],
      "boot_command": [
        "autoinstall ds=nocloud-net;s=http://{{ .HTTPIP }}:{{ .HTTPPort }}/<wait>",
        " subiquity/debconf/priority select critical<wait>",
        " subiquity/locale string en_US.UTF-8<wait>",
        " console-setup/ask_detect boolean false<wait>",
        " keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select GB<wait>",
        " netcfg/get_hostname string unassigned-hostname<wait>",
        " netcfg/get_domain string unassigned-domain<wait>",
        " mirror/country string manual<wait>",
        " mirror/http/hostname string archive.ubuntu.com<wait>",
        " mirror/http/directory string /ubuntu<wait>",
        " mirror/http/proxy string<wait>",
        " subiquity/root-login boolean true<wait>",
        " subiquity/root-password-crypted password !!<wait>",
        " subiquity/make-user boolean false<wait>",
        " clock-setup/utc boolean true<wait>",
        " time/zone string UTC<wait>",
        " subiquity/ntp boolean true<wait>",
        " subiquity/ntp-server string ntp.ubuntu.com<wait>",
        " subiquity/early-command string umount /media || true<wait>",
        " subiquity/storage/config string {\"layout\": {\"name\": \"direct\"}, \"swap\": {\"size\": 0}}<wait>",
        " subiquity/storage/confirm boolean true<wait>",
        " grub-installer/only_debian boolean true<wait>",
        " grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true<wait>",
        " base-installer/install-recommends boolean true<wait>",
        " base-installer/kernel/image string linux-generic<wait>",
        " debconf debconf/frontend select Noninteractive<wait>",
        " apt-setup/restricted boolean true<wait>",
        " apt-setup/universe boolean true<wait>",
        " apt-setup/backports boolean true<wait>",
        " apt-setup/use_mirror boolean false<wait>",
        " apt-setup/services-select multiselect security, updates<wait>",
        " apt-setup/security_host string security.ubuntu.com<wait>",
        " apt-setup/security_path string /ubuntu<wait>",
        " tasksel/first multiselect none<wait>",
        " pkgsel/include string openssh-server vim git tmux build-essential open-vm-tools telnet wget curl python3<wait>",
        " pkgsel/upgrade select full-upgrade<wait>",
        " pkgsel/update-policy select unattended-upgrades<wait>",
        " subiquity/splash boolean false<wait>",
        " cdrom-detect/eject boolean true<wait>",
        " finish-install/reboot_in_progress note<wait>",
        " subiquity/exit/poweroff boolean true<wait>"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "provisioners": [
    {
      "type": "shell",
      "inline": ["echo 'Template build complete'"]
    }
  ]
}

关键遗漏的配置项总结 #

• Ubuntu 18.04：缺少d-i partman/confirm_delete_all boolean true，这是自动确认销毁磁盘现有数据的核心参数；同时建议将partman-auto/init_automatically_partition改为guided更适配live-server流程。
• Ubuntu 20.04：没有适配Subiquity安装器，需要替换旧的d-i参数为subiquity-*前缀的参数，添加autoinstall启动参数，以及用JSON格式配置存储并确认。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者chris3389