如何按文件名中d后的数值对列表排序，使d-2排在d-1之前？

原始文件列表：

lst = ['45MO_221115_High4_d-1.tif', '45MO_221115_High4_d-2.tif', '45MO_221115_High4_d0.tif', '45MO_221115_High4_d1.tif', '45MO_221115_High4_d3.tif',
       '45MO_221115_Low1_d-1.tif', '45MO_221115_Low1_d-2.tif', '45MO_221115_Low1_d0.tif', '45MO_221115_Low1_d1.tif', '45MO_221115_Low1_d3.tif',
       '45MO_221115_Med2_d-1.tif', '45MO_221115_Med2_d-2.tif', '45MO_221115_Med2_d0.tif', '45MO_221115_Med2_d1.tif', '45MO_221115_Med2_d3.tif']

需求：让文件名中d-2的文件排在d-1之前，以下是两种符合要求的实现方案：

方案一：分组内按d值排序 #

每个分组（如High4、Low1、Med2）内部按d后的数值从小到大排序，同一分组内保持d-2→d-1→d0→d1→d3的顺序。

实现代码 #

def sort_key_group(item):
    # 拆分文件名，提取分组标识和d对应的数值
    parts = item.split('_')
    group_label = parts[2]
    d_num = int(parts[3].split('.')[0][1:])  # 提取d后面的字符并转为整数
    return (group_label, d_num)

# 执行排序
lst_s_group = sorted(lst, key=sort_key_group)

排序结果 #

['45MO_221115_High4_d-2.tif', '45MO_221115_High4_d-1.tif', '45MO_221115_High4_d0.tif', '45MO_221115_High4_d1.tif', '45MO_221115_High4_d3.tif',
 '45MO_221115_Low1_d-2.tif', '45MO_221115_Low1_d-1.tif', '45MO_221115_Low1_d0.tif', '45MO_221115_Low1_d1.tif', '45MO_221115_Low1_d3.tif',
 '45MO_221115_Med2_d-2.tif', '45MO_221115_Med2_d-1.tif', '45MO_221115_Med2_d0.tif', '45MO_221115_Med2_d1.tif', '45MO_221115_Med2_d3.tif']

方案二：按d值集中排序 #

所有d-2的文件排在最前面，接着是d-1、d0、d1、d3的文件，同一d值的文件顺序保持原列表中的相对顺序（sorted为稳定排序）。

实现代码（简洁版） #

# 直接用lambda表达式作为排序键
lst_s_d_first = sorted(lst, key=lambda x: int(x.split('_')[3].split('.')[0][1:]))

排序结果示例 #

['45MO_221115_High4_d-2.tif', '45MO_221115_Low1_d-2.tif', '45MO_221115_Med2_d-2.tif',
 '45MO_221115_High4_d-1.tif', '45MO_221115_Low1_d-1.tif', '45MO_221115_Med2_d-1.tif',
 '45MO_221115_High4_d0.tif', '45MO_221115_Low1_d0.tif', '45MO_221115_Med2_d0.tif',
 '45MO_221115_High4_d1.tif', '45MO_221115_Low1_d1.tif', '45MO_221115_Med2_d1.tif',
 '45MO_221115_High4_d3.tif', '45MO_221115_Low1_d3.tif', '45MO_221115_Med2_d3.tif']

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Munkhtur Otgonbayar