Python 3.9安装magenta时python setup.py bdist_wheel执行失败

问题详情 #

在Python 3.9.12环境执行pip install magenta时，构建llvmlite的wheel阶段出现错误，提示找不到兼容的CMake生成器、无法运行MSBuild.exe、找不到Visual Studio实例。已确认llvmlite 0.38.1与numba 0.55.1兼容，且CMake为最新版本，但问题仍未解决。

错误日志 #

Building wheels for collected packages: llvmlite
  Created temporary directory: C:\Users\ricar\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-2h8aaubh
  Building wheel for llvmlite (setup.py) ...   Destination directory: C:\Users\ricar\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-2h8aaubh
  Running command python setup.py bdist_wheel
  running bdist_wheel
  C:\Users\ricar\anaconda3\python.exe C:\Users\ricar\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-9fq4zbfc\llvmlite_66cdc9c78f06483abf4ae29b277713c0\ffi\build.py
  -- Selecting Windows SDK version  to target Windows 10.0.19044.
  CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:3 (project):
    Failed to run MSBuild command:

      MSBuild.exe

    to get the value of VCTargetsPath:

      系统找不到指定的文件


  -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
  See also "C:/Users/ricar/AppData/Local/Temp/tmp0f_7kimx/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
  CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:3 (project):
    Generator

      Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64

    could not find any instance of Visual Studio.


  -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
  See also "C:/Users/ricar/AppData/Local/Temp/tmp1bsukddp/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
  Trying generator 'Visual Studio 14 2015 Win64'
  Trying generator 'Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64'
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "C:\Users\ricar\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-9fq4zbfc\llvmlite_66cdc9c78f06483abf4ae29b277713c0\ffi\build.py", line 192, in <module>
      main()
    File "C:\Users\ricar\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-9fq4zbfc\llvmlite_66cdc9c78f06483abf4ae29b277713c0\ffi\build.py", line 180, in main
      main_win32()
    File "C:\Users\ricar\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-9fq4zbfc\llvmlite_66cdc9c78f06483abf4ae29b277713c0\ffi\build.py", line 89, in main_win32
      generator = find_win32_generator()
    File "C:\Users\ricar\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-9fq4zbfc\llvmlite_66cdc9c78f06483abf4ae29b277713c0\ffi\build.py", line 85, in find_win32_generator
      raise RuntimeError("No compatible cmake generator installed on this machine")
  RuntimeError: No compatible cmake generator installed on this machine
  error: command 'C:\\Users\\ricar\\anaconda3\\python.exe' failed with exit code 1
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> 查看上面的输出获取详情。

解决方案 #

• 安装Visual Studio桌面开发组件
  下载Visual Studio Community版（免费），安装时务必勾选「使用C++的桌面开发」模块，这个模块包含了MSBuild.exe和CMake所需的Visual Studio生成器。安装完成后重启电脑，确保环境变量生效。

• 手动指定CMake生成器
  如果已经安装Visual Studio但仍报错，可在执行安装命令前手动设置对应版本的生成器环境变量。比如安装了Visual Studio 2022，执行：

  set CMAKE_GENERATOR="Visual Studio 17 2022 Win64"
  

  之后再运行pip install magenta。

• 使用预编译的llvmlite wheel包
  直接下载对应Python 3.9、Windows 64位的llvmlite预编译wheel文件，先手动安装：

  pip install llvmlite-0.38.1-cp39-none-win_amd64.whl
  

  完成后再执行pip install magenta，跳过编译步骤。

• 检查MSBuild路径是否在环境变量中
  确认MSBuild.exe的路径已添加到系统PATH。以Visual Studio 2022 Community为例，路径通常是C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin，添加后重启命令行工具再尝试安装。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ricmhl