配置VPS时PIP3无法正常安装及运行求助

问题详情 #

配置VPS时通过软件仓库成功安装Python3，但pip3无法正常使用，触发如下报错：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip3", line 9, in <module>
    from pip import main
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 22, in <module>
    from pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import DependencyWarning
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py", line 73, in <module>
    vendored("pkg_resources")
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py", line 33, in vendored
    __import__(modulename, globals(), locals(), level=0)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 77, in <module>
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py", line 9, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 672, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 632, in _load_backward_compatible
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/extern/__init__.py", line 43, in load_module
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/_vendor/pyparsing.py", line 943, in <module>
AttributeError: module 'collections' has no attribute 'MutableMapping'

已执行的操作：

sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3-pip
pip3 -V

解决步骤 #

该错误源于Python 3.10及以上版本中，collections.MutableMapping被迁移至collections.abc.MutableMapping，但系统安装的pip依赖旧版本库不兼容此变更。按以下步骤修复：

1. 彻底卸载现有pip及残留文件：

sudo apt remove --purge python3-pip
sudo apt autoremove
sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip*
sudo rm -rf /usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-*

2. 使用Python自带的ensurepip工具重新安装并升级pip：

sudo python3 -m ensurepip --upgrade

3. 验证修复结果：

pip3 -V

执行完成后，pip3即可正常运行。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Rahman Sharifi