Ubuntu下配置wxWidgets始终提示‘未找到GTK+开发文件’错误

问题背景 #

在Ubuntu系统中执行以下configure命令配置wxWidgets时，始终提示“未找到GTK+开发文件”，即使已安装所有GTK相关软件包，配置程序仍无法定位到GTK：

./configure --with-regex=builtin --with-gtk --enable-unicode --disable-shared --prefix=/usr/local/wxWidgets

错误日志 #

./configure --with-regex=builtin --with-gtk --enable-unicode --disable-shared --prefix=/usr/local/wxWidgets

checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for toolkit... gtk
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking whether we are using the Intel C compiler... no
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking whether gcc needs -traditional... no
checking for g++... g++
checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... yes
checking whether g++ accepts -g... yes
checking whether we are using the Intel C++ compiler... no
checking whether we are using the Sun C++ compiler... no
checking for ar... ar
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking for langinfo.h... yes
checking for wchar.h... yes
checking for sys/select.h... yes
checking for cxxabi.h... yes
checking for an ANSI C-conforming const... yes
checking for inline... inline
checking size of short... 2
checking size of void *... 8
checking size of int... 4
checking size of long... 8
checking size of size_t... 8
checking size of long long... 8
checking size of wchar_t... 4
checking for va_copy... yes
checking for _FILE_OFFSET_BITS value needed for large files... 64
checking if large file support is available... yes
checking for _LARGEFILE_SOURCE value needed for large files... no
checking whether byte ordering is bigendian... no
checking for std::wstring in <string>... yes
checking for std::istream... yes
checking for std::ostream... yes
checking for type_traits... yes
checking for __sync_xxx_and_fetch builtins... yes
checking for libraries directories... /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib
checking for cos... no
checking for floor... no
checking if floating point functions link without -lm... no
checking for sin... yes
checking for ceil... yes
checking if floating point functions link with -lm... yes
checking for strtoull... yes
checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config
checking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yes
checking whether pcre submodule exists... yes
checking for zlib.h >= 1.1.4... yes
checking for zlib.h... (cached) yes
checking for deflate in -lz... yes
checking for png.h > 0.90... yes
checking for png.h... (cached) yes
checking for png_sig_cmp in -lpng... yes
checking for jpeglib.h... yes
checking for jpeg_read_header in -ljpeg... yes
checking for jbg_dec_init in -ljbig... yes
checking for LIBTIFF... yes
checking for expat.h... yes
checking if expat.h is valid C++ header... yes
checking for XML_ParserCreate in -lexpat... yes
checking for LIBCURL... yes
checking for GTK+ version... 
checking for pkg-config... (cached) /usr/bin/pkg-config
checking pkg-config is at least version 0.16... yes
checking for GTK+ - version >= 3.0.0... no
*** Could not run GTK+ test program, checking why...
*** The test program failed to compile or link. See the file config.log for the
*** exact error that occurred. This usually means GTK+ is incorrectly installed.
checking for pkg-config... (cached) /usr/bin/pkg-config
checking pkg-config is at least version 0.7... yes
checking for GTK+ - version >= 2.6.0... no
*** Could not run GTK+ test program, checking why...
*** The test program failed to compile or link. See the file config.log for the
*** exact error that occured. This usually means GTK+ is incorrectly installed.
checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config
checking for GTK+ - version >= 3.90.0... Package gtk4 was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `gtk4.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'gtk4' found
no
*** Could not run GTK+ test program, checking why...
*** The test program failed to compile or link. See the file config.log for the
*** exact error that occurred. This usually means GTK+ is incorrectly installed.
checking for gtk-config... no
checking for GTK - version >= 1.2.7... no
*** The gtk-config script installed by GTK could not be found
*** If GTK was installed in PREFIX, make sure PREFIX/bin is in
*** your path, or set the GTK_CONFIG environment variable to the
*** full path to gtk-config.
checking for gtk-config... (cached) no
checking for GTK - version >= 1.2.3... no
*** The gtk-config script installed by GTK could not be found
*** If GTK was installed in PREFIX, make sure PREFIX/bin is in
*** your path, or set the GTK_CONFIG environment variable to the
*** full path to gtk-config.
configure: error: 
The development files for GTK+ were not found. For GTK+ 2, please
ensure that pkg-config is in the path and that gtk+-2.0.pc is
installed. For GTK+ 1.2 please check that gtk-config is in the path,
and that the version is 1.2.3 or above. Also check that the
libraries returned by 'pkg-config gtk+-2.0 --libs' or 'gtk-config
--libs' are in the LD_LIBRARY_PATH or equivalent.

排查与解决步骤 #

• 针对性安装GTK开发包
  不要笼统安装所有GTK包，根据wxWidgets的检测逻辑安装对应版本：

  # 安装GTK3开发包
  sudo apt install libgtk-3-dev
  # 或安装GTK2开发包
  sudo apt install libgtk2.0-dev
  

• 验证pkg-config的识别能力
  执行以下命令确认pkg-config能找到GTK：

  # 检查GTK3
  pkg-config --cflags gtk+-3.0
  pkg-config --libs gtk+-3.0
  # 检查GTK2
  pkg-config --cflags gtk+-2.0
  pkg-config --libs gtk+-2.0
  

  若命令报错，检查PKG_CONFIG_PATH环境变量是否包含GTK的.pc文件路径（通常在/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/）。

• 手动指定GTK版本
  若自动检测失败，直接在configure命令中指定GTK版本：

  # 强制使用GTK3
  ./configure --with-regex=builtin --with-gtk=3 --enable-unicode --disable-shared --prefix=/usr/local/wxWidgets
  # 强制使用GTK2
  ./configure --with-regex=builtin --with-gtk=2 --enable-unicode --disable-shared --prefix=/usr/local/wxWidgets
  

• 查看config.log定位细节错误
  配置失败生成的config.log文件中，GTK检测部分会记录具体的编译/链接错误（比如缺失某个依赖库），根据日志补充安装对应的依赖即可。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者junxi zhu