Manjaro部署Nextcloud时MariaDB连接失败问题求助

AI 小北

2026-8-8

背景

我是家庭服务器（甚至Linux）新手，正在尝试搭建并运行Nextcloud。我使用的是Linux 6.1.0-1 Manjaro（基于Arch Linux），主要通过SSH访问。我正一步步遵循Arch Wiki上的Nextcloud指南操作。

报错前的操作

我成功遵循上述指南操作到4.4 MariaDB/MySQL部分：

使用sudo pacman -S mariadb安装了mariadb，然后使用mariadb-install-db命令初始化。提示显示已成功初始化，有两个用户数据库（术语可能有误），分别名为root和arash（我的用户名）。
按照指南修改了/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf，当前该文件内容如下：

#
# These groups are read by MariaDB server.
# Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
#
# See the examples of server my.cnf files in /usr/share/mysql/
#

# this is read by the standalone daemon and embedded servers
[server]

# this is only for the mysqld standalone daemon
[mysqld]
skip_networking
transaction_isolation=READ-COMMITTED
#
# * Galera-related settings
#
[galera]
# Mandatory settings
#wsrep_on=ON
#wsrep_provider=
#wsrep_cluster_address=
#binlog_format=row
#default_storage_engine=InnoDB
#innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
#
# Allow server to accept connections on all interfaces.
#
#bind-address=0.0.0.0
#
# Optional setting
#wsrep_slave_threads=1
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0

# this is only for embedded server
[embedded]

# This group is only read by MariaDB servers, not by MySQL.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
# you can put MariaDB-only options here
[mariadb]

# This group is only read by MariaDB-10.8 servers.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MariaDB of different versions,
# use this group for options that older servers don't understand
[mariadb-10.8]

报错信息

接下来的步骤是连接root数据库（$ mysql -u root -p），出现以下错误：

$ mysql -u root -p 
Enter password: 
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local server through socket '/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)

已尝试的解决方法

尝试用systemctl启动服务，服务可enable但无法start：

$ sudo systemctl start mysql
[sudo] password for arash: 
Job for mariadb.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status mariadb.service" and "journalctl -xeu mariadb.service" for details.

systemctl status mariadb的输出：

$ sudo systemctl status mariadb 
[sudo] password for arash: 
× mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.9.4 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
     Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2022-12-18 05:30:18 +0330; 5min ago
       Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
             https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
    Process: 8740 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 8741 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= ||   VAR=`cd /usr/bin/..; /usr/bin/galera_recov>
    Process: 8776 ExecStart=/usr/bin/mariadbd $MYSQLD_OPTS $_WSREP_NEW_CLUSTER $_WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=1/FAILUR>
   Main PID: 8776 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
     Status: "MariaDB server is down"
        CPU: 329ms

Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server mariadbd[8776]: 2022-12-18  5:30:18 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /var/lib/mysql/ib_b>
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server mariadbd[8776]: 2022-12-18  5:30:18 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 221218  5:30:18
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server mariadbd[8776]: 2022-12-18  5:30:18 0 [ERROR] Could not open mysql.plugin table: "Table 'mysql.plugi>
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server mariadbd[8776]: 2022-12-18  5:30:18 0 [ERROR] Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.ser>
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server mariadbd[8776]: 2022-12-18  5:30:18 0 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Tab>
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server mariadbd[8776]: 2022-12-18  5:30:18 0 [ERROR] Aborting
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server mariadbd[8776]: Warning: Memory not freed: 280
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server systemd[1]: Failed to start MariaDB 10.9.4 database server.
...skipping...
× mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.9.4 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
     Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2022-12-18 05:30:18 +0330; 5min ago
       Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
             https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
    Process: 8740 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 8741 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= ||   VAR=`cd /usr/bin/..; /usr/bin/galera_recov>
    Process: 8776 ExecStart=/usr/bin/mariadbd $MYSQLD_OPTS $_WSREP_NEW_CLUSTER $_WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=1/FAILUR>
   Main PID: 8776 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
     Status: "MariaDB server is down"
        CPU: 329ms

Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server mariadbd[8776]: 2022-12-18  5:30:18 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /var/lib/mysql/ib_b>
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server mariadbd[8776]: 2022-12-18  5:30:18 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 221218  5:30:18
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server mariadbd[8776]: 2022-12-18  5:30:18 0 [ERROR] Could not open mysql.plugin table: "Table 'mysql.plugi>
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server mariadbd[8776]: 2022-12-18  5:30:18 0 [ERROR] Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.ser>
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server mariadbd[8776]: 2022-12-18  5:30:18 0 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Tab>
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server mariadbd[8776]: 2022-12-18  5:30:18 0 [ERROR] Aborting
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server mariadbd[8776]: Warning: Memory not freed: 280
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Dec 18 05:30:18 opti780-Server systemd[1]: Failed to start MariaDB 10.9.4 database server.
~
~
~

取消/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf中的bind-address=0.0.0.0注释，无变化。
卸载并重新安装MariaDB：

pacman -R mariadb
pacman -S mariadb

使用替代命令初始化和启动守护进程：

mariadb-install-db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql

结果：问题依然存在

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local server through socket '/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (111)

尝试启动命令：

cd '/usr' ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/var/lib/mysql'

结果：问题依然存在

221218 06:59:04 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/lib/mysql/opti780-Server.err'.
221218 06:59:04 mysqld_safe Starting mariadbd daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
/usr/bin/mariadbd-safe-helper: Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/opti780-Server.err' (Errcode: 13 "Permission denied")

我查看了类似问题，但无法找到针对我这个情况的确切解决方案。大多数方案都是重启服务，而我已经尝试过，且大多针对Debian Linux。

如果需要更多信息，请告知。再次感谢。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Arash. j.