Python 3.11.1导入requests模块触发ImportError问题求助

尝试运行以下Python代码：

from pycocotools.coco import COCO        
import requests 

使用Python 3.11.1版本，运行时触发ImportError，报错信息如下：

C:\path>python utils.py --img_out obj/ --label_out obj/
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\path\utils.py", line 6, in <module>
    import requests
  File "C:\Users\windows\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\requests\__init__.py", line 43, in <module>
    import urllib3
  File "C:\Users\windows\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
    from .connectionpool import (
  File "C:\Users\windows\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 29, in <module>
    from .connection import (
  File "C:\Users\windows\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 39, in <module>
    from .util.ssl_ import (
  File "C:\Users\windows\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .connection import is_connection_dropped
  File "C:\Users\windows\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\connection.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .wait import wait_for_read
  File "C:\Users\windows\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\wait.py", line 1, in <module>
    from .selectors import (
  File "C:\Users\windows\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\selectors.py", line 14, in <module>
    from collections import namedtuple, Mapping

ImportError: cannot import name 'Mapping' from 'collections' (C:\Users\windows\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\collections\__init__.py)

已通过pip安装requests模块，但问题依然存在。

问题原因 #

Python 3.10及以上版本中，Mapping这类抽象基类已从collections模块迁移至collections.abc模块。当前安装的urllib3版本不兼容Python 3.11，而requests依赖urllib3，因此触发了导入错误。

解决步骤 #

• 升级urllib3到兼容版本
  在命令行执行：

  pip install --upgrade urllib3
  

• 或直接升级requests
  升级requests会自动同步安装兼容Python 3.11的urllib3版本：

  pip install --upgrade requests
  

• 若仍有问题，使用虚拟环境隔离依赖
  1. 创建虚拟环境：

     python -m venv myenv
     

  2. 激活虚拟环境（Windows系统）：

     myenv\Scripts\activate
     

  3. 安装所需依赖：

     pip install requests pycocotools
     

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者thestruggleisreal