Arch Linux编译软件时出现make[4]: gcc: Permission denied错误求助

这问题我之前帮朋友排查过类似的，核心是子进程调用gcc时找不到正确的可执行文件或者被权限限制拦截，给你几个靠谱的解决方向：

1. 全局指定gcc绝对路径（快速临时解决） #

你手动改Makeconf里的CC=/usr/bin/gcc能生效，说明用绝对路径没问题。可以先在终端里导出这个环境变量，让所有后续的make子进程都继承：

export CC=/usr/bin/gcc
export CXX=/usr/bin/g++

然后重新运行make编译R，或者编译R包前先执行这两句，就能绕过相对路径调用的问题。

2. 给R包编译配置持久化规则 #

如果每次编译R包都要手动设置太麻烦，直接修改R的全局编译配置文件：

• 创建或编辑~/.R/Makevars文件：

  nano ~/.R/Makevars
  

• 添加以下内容：

  CC=/usr/bin/gcc
  CXX=/usr/bin/g++
  FC=/usr/bin/gfortran
  

保存退出后，所有R包编译都会自动使用这些绝对路径的编译器，不用再单独设置。

3. 排查环境变量被覆盖的问题 #

有时候编译脚本里的make会重置PATH或者CC变量，导致子进程里的gcc不是你终端里的那个。你可以在报错的目录（比如src/extra/blas）里手动执行：

echo $CC
which gcc
ls -l $(which gcc)

如果输出的CC不是/usr/bin/gcc，或者which gcc找不到路径，说明编译脚本里的环境被修改了。这时候可以查看项目根目录的configure脚本或者顶级Makefile，看看有没有硬编码修改CC的地方。

4. 检查安全工具拦截 #

Arch默认没启用SELinux，但如果你装了AppArmor，可能会拦截gcc的调用：

• 检查AppArmor状态：

  systemctl status apparmor
  

• 如果是active状态，临时关闭试试：

  sudo systemctl stop apparmor
  

然后重新编译，要是能正常运行，就需要调整AppArmor的规则，允许gcc在编译目录下被调用。

附：你提供的完整错误输出 #

[cmasso6@cmasso6 R-3.6.3]$ make
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/m4'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for 'R'.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/m4'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/tools'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for 'R'.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/tools'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/doc'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/doc/html'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/doc/html'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/doc/manual'
make[2]: Nothing to be done for 'R'.
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/doc/manual'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/doc'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/etc'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/etc'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/share'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/share'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src/scripts'
creating src/scripts/R.fe
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src/scripts'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src/scripts'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src/scripts'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src/include'
config.status: creating src/include/config.h
config.status: src/include/config.h is unchanged
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src/include/R_ext'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src/include/R_ext'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src/include'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src/extra'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src/extra/blas'
make[4]: Entering directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src/extra/blas'
gfortran -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -fpic -g -O2 -c blas.f -o blas.o
gfortran -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -fpic -g -O2 -c cmplxblas.f -o cmplxblas.o
gcc -shared -fopenmp -L/usr/local/lib64 -o libRblas.so blas.o cmplxblas.o -lgfortran -lm -lquadmath
make[4]: gcc: Permission denied
make[4]: *** [Makefile:37: libRblas.so] Error 127
make[4]: Leaving directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src/extra/blas'
make[3]: *** [Makefile:32: R] Error 2
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src/extra/blas'
make[2]: *** [Makefile:35: make.blas] Error 2
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src/extra'
make[1]: *** [Makefile:28: R] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/cmasso6/Downloads/R-3.6.3/src'
make: *** [Makefile:61: R] Error 1

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者cmasso6