在同一PowerShell脚本中安装AWS CLI后调用aws命令报错求助

我用Packer创建AWS AMI镜像时，运行以下PowerShell脚本——先下载安装AWS CLI，之后马上调用它。我知道安装会更新Windows PATH，但当前脚本里没法立即生效，所以特意切换到CLI安装目录再执行命令：

$SETUP_DIR = "C:\Setup"

New-Item -Path $SETUP_DIR -ItemType Directory -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue


Clear-Host
Set-Location -Path $SETUP_DIR -PassThru

# install AWS CLI
msiexec.exe /i https://awscli.amazonaws.com/AWSCLIV2.msi /quiet
Write-Host "AWS CLI installation completed."

# Set location to AWS CLI
Set-Location -Path "C:\Program Files\Amazon\AWSCLIV2" -PassThru

# Download utility from AWS S3
aws s3 cp s3://tools/utility.exe
Write-Host "Utility download completed."

# switch the location back to c:\setup
Set-Location -Path $SETUP_DIR -PassThru

脚本执行时抛出错误The term 'aws' is not recognized，详情如下：

==> amazon-ebs.windows_server: aws s3 cp s3://tools/utility.exe ...
==> amazon-ebs.windows_server: + ~~~
==> amazon-ebs.windows_server: + CategoryInfo : ObjectNotFound: (aws:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
==> amazon-ebs.windows_server: + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException
==> amazon-ebs.windows_server:
amazon-ebs.windows_server:
==> amazon-ebs.windows_server: aws : The term 'aws' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program.
Check the
==> amazon-ebs.windows_server: spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.

解决办法 #

• 直接指定完整路径调用
  不用切换目录，直接写全aws.exe的路径执行，同时注意s3 cp需要目标路径（示例中用.表示当前目录）：

  & "C:\Program Files\Amazon\AWSCLIV2\aws.exe" s3 cp s3://tools/utility.exe .
  

• 确保安装完成并刷新环境变量
  msiexec的/quiet参数会直接返回，不会等安装完成就继续执行后续命令，导致CLI还没装好就被调用。改用Start-Process加-Wait等待安装结束，再手动刷新当前会话的PATH：

  # 安装AWS CLI并等待完成
  Start-Process msiexec.exe -ArgumentList "/i https://awscli.amazonaws.com/AWSCLIV2.msi /quiet" -Wait
  Write-Host "AWS CLI installation completed."
  
  # 刷新当前会话的环境变量
  $env:Path = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine") + ";" + [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","User")
  
  # 调用aws命令
  aws s3 cp s3://tools/utility.exe .
  

• 切换目录后加.\调用
  PowerShell默认不会在当前目录查找可执行文件，即使切到安装目录，也要加.\指定当前路径：

  Set-Location -Path "C:\Program Files\Amazon\AWSCLIV2" -PassThru
  .\aws s3 cp s3://tools/utility.exe .
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者LP13