Azure DevOps单元测试失败时无法发布测试结果求助

在Azure DevOps中发布单元测试结果时，测试全通过时流程正常，但部分测试失败时Docker镜像构建中断，导致无法获取trx测试结果文件。以下是问题详情、错误日志及解决方案：

现有配置 #

Dockerfile片段 #

RUN dotnet restore "IESA.TC.Invoices/IESA.TC.Invoices.csproj" 
COPY . .

FROM build AS test 
LABEL test=true 
WORKDIR /src/IESA.TC.Invoices.Tests 
RUN dotnet test -c Release --logger trx

FROM build AS publish 
WORKDIR "/src/IESA.TC.Invoices" 
RUN dotnet publish "IESA.TC.Invoices.csproj" -c Release -o /app/publish

FROM base AS final 
WORKDIR /app 
COPY --from=publish /app/publish . 
COPY --from=test /src/IESA.TC.Invoices.Tests/TestResults ./TestResults

Azure Pipeline YAML配置 #

- stage: Build_Back_NewAKS
  displayName: Back - Build and push stage
  jobs:
  - job: Build
    displayName: Build
    pool: Dani test      
    steps:
    - task: Docker@2
      inputs:
        containerRegistry: $(dockerRegistryServiceConnectionAcrack)
        repository: $(imageRepositoryBack)
        command: 'build'
        Dockerfile: $(dockerfilePathBack)

    - pwsh: |          
       $id=docker images --filter "label=test=true"  -q | Select-Object -First 1       
       docker create --name testinvoices $id
       docker cp testinvoices:/app/TestResults ./TestResults
       docker rm testinvoices
      condition: succeededOrFailed() 
      displayName: 'Copy test results'

- task: PublishTestResults@2
  condition: always() 
  inputs:
    testResultsFormat: 'VSTest'
    testResultsFiles: '**/*.trx'
    searchFolder: '$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/TestResults'
  displayName: 'Publish test results'

错误信息 #

Docker构建失败日志 #

#19 16.74 Failed!  - Failed:     1, Passed:   128, Skipped:     0, Total:   129, Duration: 1 s - /src/IESA.TC.Invoices.Tests/bin/Release/net6.0/IESA.TC.Invoices.Tests.dll (net6.0) 
#19 ERROR: executor failed running [/bin/sh -c dotnet test -c Release --logger trx]: exit code: 1

[test 2/2] RUN dotnet test -c Release --logger trx:

executor failed running [/bin/sh -c dotnet test -c Release --logger trx]: exit code: 1 
##[error]The process 'C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker\resources\bin\docker.exe' failed with exit code 1

测试结果复制失败日志 #

"C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -NoLogo -NoProfile -NonInteractive -ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted -Command ". 'C:\agent_work_temp\0f7433c8-e7e9-491e-bfc7-ba396cb81e70.ps1'" 
"docker create" requires at least 1 argument. See 'docker create --help'.

docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

Create a new container 
Error: No such container:path: testinvoices:/app/TestResults 
Error: No such container: testinvoices

问题根源 #

dotnet test执行失败时会返回非0退出码，导致Docker多阶段构建的test阶段中断，对应的镜像无法生成。后续Pipeline步骤通过docker images --filter "label=test=true"找不到目标镜像，因此复制测试结果的命令报错。

解决方案 #

方案1：分离测试与镜像构建（推荐） #

不在Docker构建流程中执行测试，直接在Pipeline中单独运行测试生成trx文件，再进行镜像构建：

- task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
  displayName: 'Run unit tests'
  inputs:
    command: 'test'
    projects: '**/*Tests.csproj'
    arguments: '-c Release --logger trx'
  # 测试失败时仍继续流程，确保能发布测试结果
  continueOnError: true

# 原Docker构建任务
- task: Docker@2
  inputs:
    containerRegistry: $(dockerRegistryServiceConnectionAcrack)
    repository: $(imageRepositoryBack)
    command: 'build'
    Dockerfile: $(dockerfilePathBack)
  # 仅测试通过时才构建镜像
  condition: succeeded()

同时修改Dockerfile，移除test阶段相关代码。

方案2：强制保留测试阶段镜像 #

修改Dockerfile，让test阶段即使测试失败也能完成构建，同时记录测试退出码：

FROM build AS test 
LABEL test=true 
WORKDIR /src/IESA.TC.Invoices.Tests 
# 执行测试生成trx，失败时强制继续构建
RUN dotnet test -c Release --logger trx || true
# 保存测试退出码，用于后续判断结果
RUN echo $? > /test_exit_code.txt

然后调整Pipeline的复制步骤，根据退出码标记构建状态：

- pwsh: |          
   $id=docker images --filter "label=test=true"  -q | Select-Object -First 1       
   if ($id) {
       docker create --name testinvoices $id
       docker cp testinvoices:/src/IESA.TC.Invoices.Tests/TestResults ./TestResults
       docker cp testinvoices:/test_exit_code.txt ./test_exit_code.txt
       docker rm testinvoices
       $exitCode = Get-Content ./test_exit_code.txt
       if ($exitCode -ne 0) {
           Write-Host "##vso[task.setvariable variable=TestFailed]True"
           exit 1
       }
   } else {
       Write-Host "Test stage image not found"
       exit 1
   }
  condition: succeededOrFailed() 
  displayName: 'Copy test results and check status'

方案3：分阶段构建镜像 #

先单独构建test阶段镜像，获取测试结果后，再决定是否构建最终镜像：

# 先构建测试阶段镜像
- task: Docker@2
  displayName: 'Build test stage image'
  inputs:
    containerRegistry: $(dockerRegistryServiceConnectionAcrack)
    repository: $(imageRepositoryBack)-test
    command: 'build'
    Dockerfile: $(dockerfilePathBack)
    target: 'test'

# 复制测试结果并验证
- pwsh: |          
   $id=docker images --filter "label=test=true"  -q | Select-Object -First 1       
   docker create --name testinvoices $id
   docker cp testinvoices:/src/IESA.TC.Invoices.Tests/TestResults ./TestResults
   docker rm testinvoices
   # 解析trx文件判断测试是否失败
   $trxFile = Get-ChildItem ./TestResults/*.trx | Select-Object -First 1
   if ($trxFile) {
       $xml = [xml](Get-Content $trxFile)
       $failed = $xml.TestRun.ResultSummary.Counters.failed
       if ($failed -gt 0) {
           Write-Host "##vso[task.setvariable variable=TestFailed]True"
           exit 1
       }
   }
  condition: succeededOrFailed() 
  displayName: 'Copy test results and validate'

# 仅测试通过时构建最终镜像
- task: Docker@2
  displayName: 'Build final image'
  inputs:
    containerRegistry: $(dockerRegistryServiceConnectionAcrack)
    repository: $(imageRepositoryBack)
    command: 'build'
    Dockerfile: $(dockerfilePathBack)
    target: 'final'
  condition: ne(variables.TestFailed, 'True')

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Daniel A.