Win7x64下Python3.6+的pythonw.exe启动失败及安装报错求助

环境信息 #

• 系统：Win7x64
• 各磁盘可用空间≥20GB
• Python3.5.2（官方版/Anaconda3-4.2.0自带）可正常运行
• 已安装MSVC 2005-2022运行时库（x86/x64）

异常现象 #

官方Python3.6+版本 #

• python.exe可正常运行，但pythonw.exe和IDLE无报错却无法启动

Anaconda3-2018至2021版本（对应Python3.6-3.8） #

1. Python3.6-3.7版本：触发APPCRASH REPORT pythonw.exe ucrtbase.DLL崩溃，崩溃信息：

   pythonw.exe 3.6.5150.1013 5abd3212 ucrtbase.DLL 10.0.16299.15 70f70cc4 40000015 000000000006b71f 6.1.7601.2.1.0.256.1 2052 7c91 7c91ffc054a06a19bae511ac86fd4989 1e3a 1e3a1cfe3de7d661be48e9d60cfb8b11
   

2. Python3.7-3.8版本：安装时出现entry_point.py报错，日志如下：

   Extract: anaconda-2021.05-py38_0.tar.bz2
     0%|          | 0/339 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
     File "entry_point.py", line 69, in <module>
     File "concurrent\futures\process.py", line 674, in map
     File "concurrent\futures\_base.py", line 600, in map
     File "concurrent\futures\_base.py", line 600, in <listcomp>
     File "concurrent\futures\process.py", line 645, in submit
     File "concurrent\futures\process.py", line 584, in _start_queue_management_thread
     File "concurrent\futures\process.py", line 608, in _adjust_process_count
     File "multiprocessing\process.py", line 121, in start
     File "multiprocessing\context.py", line 327, in _Popen
     File "Lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py", line 83, in __init__
     File "multiprocessing\popen_spawn_win32.py", line 73, in __init__
   FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 
   [2964] Failed to execute script entry_point
   Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): ...working... done
   

已尝试的修复操作 #

• 安装Win7x64补丁Windows6.1-KB2999226-x64
• 删除HKLC及HKCU下的/SOFTWARE/PYTHON注册表项
• 清理系统PATH及用户PATH中所有Python相关内容，当前PATH：

  %SystemRoot%\system32;%SystemRoot%;%SystemRoot%\System32\Wbem;%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;D:\PostgreSQL\pg10\bin;C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application
  

  无PYTHONPATH、PYTHONHOME及用户PATH
• 删除JDK的JAVAHOME环境变量
• 执行anaconda clean --yes
• 重新安装MSVC 2008-2022运行时库
• 关闭所有杀毒软件
• 重启计算机

修复后仍存在的问题 #

1. Anaconda3-4.2.0（Python3.5.2）可正常运行，所有组件（python、ipython、idle、spyder、jupyter）均正常
2. 安装Anaconda3-2019.07（Python3.7）：
   • 接近完成时出现日志：

     DEBUG menuinst_win32:create(324): Shortcut cmd is d:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\python.exe, args are ['d:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\cwp.py', 'd:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3', 'd:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\python.exe', 'd:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\Scripts\\jupyter-notebook-script.py', '"%USERPROFILE%/"']
     

   • 随后弹出APPCRASH崩溃报告：

     APPCRASH
     python.exe
     3.7.3150.1013
     5cc0c771
     ucrtbase.DLL
     10.0.17134.12
     587decd7
     40000015
     000000000006e76f
     6.1.7601.2.1.0.256.1
     2052
     99f9
     99f9768885038458efd17b3ff3bc92c8
     eff0
     eff0e13a5c9d3da6d6b491ef4a5a8088
     

   • 关闭崩溃窗口后出现：

     WARNING conda.core.envs_manager:register_env(46): Unable to register environment. Path not writable or missing.
     

   • 运行python activate powershell时出现致命错误：

     initfsencoding... no module named 'encoding'
     

3. 安装Anaconda3-2021.05（Python3.8）：
   • entry_point.py阶段出现文件未找到错误，日志如下：

     Extract: anaconda-2021.05-py38_0.tar.bz2
       0%|          | 0/339 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
       File "entry_point.py", line 69, in <module>
       File "concurrent\futures\process.py", line 674, in map
       File "concurrent\futures\_base.py", line 600, in map
       File "concurrent\futures\_base.py", line 600, in <listcomp>
       File "concurrent\futures\process.py", line 645, in submit
       File "concurrent\futures\process.py", line 584, in _start_queue_management_thread
       File "concurrent\futures\process.py", line 608, in _adjust_process_count
       File "multiprocessing\process.py", line 121, in start
       File "multiprocessing\context.py", line 327, in _Popen
       File "Lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py", line 83, in __init__
       File "multiprocessing\popen_spawn_win32.py", line 73, in __init__
     FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。
     [4780] Failed to execute script entry_point
     Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): ...working... done
     Solving environment: ...working... failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
     Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): ...working... done
     Solving environment: ...working... failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
     

   • 未生成开始菜单

当前状态 #

仅Anaconda3-4.2.0（Python3.5.2）可正常运行；官方发布版Python3.5-3.8均可安装，python.exe在CMD中可正常运行，但仅Python3.5的IDLE（依赖pythonw.exe）可启动，Python3.6+的IDLE点击后无反应、无报错。

针对ucrtbase.DLL崩溃问题 #

1. 补充Win7 UCRT核心补丁：除KB2999226外，安装Windows6.1-KB3118401-x64和Windows6.1-KB2919355-x64，这两个补丁是Win7支持新版Universal CRT的基础，Python3.6+依赖该组件运行。
2. 修复UCRT文件完整性：若补丁安装后仍崩溃，可从Win10镜像提取ucrtbase.dll等UCRT相关文件，替换到C:\Windows\System32和C:\Windows\SysWOW64目录，替换前务必备份原文件。

针对Anaconda安装的FileNotFoundError问题 #

1. 使用离线安装包：下载Anaconda完整离线镜像，避免在线安装时因网络或进程调用异常导致文件提取失败。
2. 修改安装路径：将Anaconda安装到纯英文无空格路径（如D:\Anaconda3），避免路径特殊字符引发进程寻址错误。
3. 提升安装权限：右键点击安装器选择“以管理员身份运行”，临时关闭用户账户控制（UAC），避免权限不足导致文件写入或进程启动失败。

针对pythonw.exe无法启动问题 #

1. 手动启动排查报错：打开CMD切换到Python3.6+安装目录，执行pythonw.exe -m idlelib.idle > error.log 2>&1，将输出重定向到日志文件，查看隐藏的启动报错信息。
2. 调整系统显示设置：尝试将系统默认字体改为微软雅黑，或把DPI设置调为100%，部分Win7系统的字体/DPI异常会导致pythonw.exe启动失败。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者WilsonF