NGINX配置：如何仅将单个URL重定向至目标URL而不影响子路径？

我有地址 https://www.example.com/catalog，希望通过 https://www.example.com/products 访问它。但当前配置重定向后，访问以下子路径时：

https://www.example.com/products/bicycle
https://www.example.com/products/car
https://www.example.com/products/tshirt
...

都会被重定向回 https://www.example.com/products。

如何仅将 www.example.com/catalog 重定向至 www.example.com/products？

我试过这些配置：

location /products/ {
    return 301 /catalog/;
}

还有：

rewrite /products/ /catalog/ permanent;

以及：

if ($is_args = '') {
    rewrite ^/catalog\$ /products permanent;
}

这些配置能实现从 /products/ 到 /catalog/ 的重定向，但访问 /products/car、/products/tshirt 等子路径时也会被转至 /catalog，不是我要的效果。

我的Nginx配置文件如下：

server {
        server_name sub.url.ru;
        root   /home/suburl/public_html/;
        index index.php;

        access_log /home/sportmen/sportmen.ru/logs/access.log;
        error_log /home/sportmen/sportmen.ru/logs/error.log;

        location ~ \.php$ {
                include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
                fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
                fastcgi_index index.php;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
                fastcgi_intercept_errors on; }
        if ($request_uri ~ ^(.*)/index.(html|php)) { return 301 $1/$is_args$args; }
        location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /bitrix/urlrewrite.php$is_args$args;  }
        location ~* @.*\.html$ { internal; }
        include /etc/nginx/vhosts-includes/suburl/redirect.conf;

        listen 443 ssl; # managed by Certbot
        ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/suburl/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/suburl/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
        include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot
        ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot


###phpMyadmin###

        location /phpmy123 {
        alias /usr/share/phpmyadmin;
        location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $request_filename;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_ignore_client_abort off;
        }
        location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ {
        access_log    off;
        log_not_found    off;
        expires 1M;
        }
}
        location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
}
}
###end-phpMyAdmin###
server {

        if ($host = sub.url.ru) {
        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    } # managed by Certbot


        listen 80;
        server_name sub.url.ru;
        return 404; # managed by Certbot
}

你需要精确匹配根路径，避免影响子路径，以下两种方式都能实现需求：

方式1：使用精确匹配location #

把以下配置写入 /etc/nginx/vhosts-includes/suburl/redirect.conf（或放在主配置的include该行之前）：

# 精确匹配 /catalog 路径（带/不带末尾斜杠），重定向到 /products
location = /catalog {
    return 301 /products;
}
location = /catalog/ {
    return 301 /products/;
}

# 让 /products 路径转发到 /catalog 的内容
location = /products {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /catalog;
}
location = /products/ {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /catalog/;
}

解释：=符号表示精确匹配，只有当请求路径完全等于/catalog或/catalog/时才触发重定向，不会干扰/products/bicycle这类子路径的访问。

方式2：使用rewrite精确匹配 #

如果更习惯用rewrite规则，可添加：

# 精确匹配 /catalog（无参数）重定向到 /products
rewrite ^/catalog$ /products permanent;
# 精确匹配 /catalog/（无参数）重定向到 /products/
rewrite ^/catalog/$ /products/ permanent;

# 处理/products路径的内容转发
rewrite ^/products$ /catalog last;
rewrite ^/products/$ /catalog/ last;

这里的^和$是正则的开始/结束标记，确保只匹配根路径，不会覆盖子路径。

为什么之前的配置失效？ #

• 你之前的location /products/是前缀匹配，所有以/products/开头的路径都会被匹配，包括子路径；
• 第三个配置只处理了/catalog到/products的重定向，但没配置/products路径的内容转发逻辑，导致子路径访问时被其他规则干扰。

生效步骤 #

添加完规则后，重启Nginx使配置生效：

sudo systemctl restart nginx

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Alexander_milk_pineapple