Django REST项目报错TypeError: unhashable type: 'dict'求协助

问题场景 #

开发Django REST项目时触发TypeError: unhashable type: 'dict'错误，相关代码及错误信息如下：

序列化器代码 #

class TrasactionSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
   amount = serializers.IntegerField(validators=[is_amount])
   email = serializers.EmailField()
   wallet = serializers.CharField(source='wallet.id', read_only=True)

  def validate_email(self, value):
      if CustomUser.objects.filter(email=value).exists():
          return value
      raise serializers.ValidationError({"detail": "Email not found"})

  def save(self):
    user = self.context['request'].user
    wallet = WalletModel.objects.get(user=user)
    data = self.validated_data
    url = 'https://api.paystack.co/transaction/initialize'
    headers = {
        "authorization": f"Bearer {settings.PAYSTACK_SECRET_KEY}"
    }
    r = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)
    response = r.json()
    walletTransaction.objects.create(
        wallet=wallet,
        transaction_type="deposit",
        amount= data["amount"],
        paystack_payment_reference=response['data']['reference'],
        status=response["pending"],
    )

错误信息 #

File "/home/olaneat/Desktop/files/project/django/jobConnect/job-connect/wallet/serializers.py", line 59, in save
    headers = {
TypeError: unhashable type: 'dict'

问题原因及修复方案 #

核心原因 #

requests.post的data参数用于传递表单编码数据，若传入的validated_data包含嵌套字典这类不可哈希的类型，就会触发该错误。同时Paystack的初始化交易API要求请求体为JSON格式，而非表单格式。

修复步骤 #

1. 将requests.post中的data=data替换为json=data，requests会自动将数据序列化为JSON，并设置正确的Content-Type: application/json请求头。
2. 修正status字段的取值：Paystack响应中没有pending这个键，正确的状态字段应为response['data']['status']，避免后续触发KeyError。

修正后的save方法代码 #

def save(self):
    user = self.context['request'].user
    wallet = WalletModel.objects.get(user=user)
    data = self.validated_data
    url = 'https://api.paystack.co/transaction/initialize'
    headers = {
        "authorization": f"Bearer {settings.PAYSTACK_SECRET_KEY}"
    }
    # 改用json参数传递JSON格式数据
    r = requests.post(url, headers=headers, json=data)
    response = r.json()
    walletTransaction.objects.create(
        wallet=wallet,
        transaction_type="deposit",
        amount= data["amount"],
        paystack_payment_reference=response['data']['reference'],
        # 修正状态字段取值
        status=response['data']['status'],
    )

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Tosin Ayoola