Laravel+Nginx+Docker-Compose生产环境500错误排查求助

问题说明 #

本地运行包含Nginx、MySQL和Laravel应用的Docker环境完全正常，但部署到VPS服务器后，通过8000端口访问出现500内部服务器错误。

相关配置文件 #

docker-compose.yml #

version: "3.7"
services:
  app_back:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    image: dreamy_back   
    container_name: dreamy-back-app
    restart: unless-stopped
    working_dir: /var/www/
    volumes:
      - .:/var/www
    networks:
      - dreamy
  db:
    image: mysql
    container_name: dreamy-db
    restart: unless-stopped
    depends_on:
      - app_back
    environment:
      MYSQL_DATABASE: ${DB_DATABASE}
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 4ztgeU%
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
      MYSQL_USER: ${DB_USERNAME}
    networks:
      - dreamy
  nginx:
    image: nginx:1.17-alpine
    container_name: dreamy-back-nginx
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - 8000:80
    volumes:
      - ./:/var/www
      - ./docker-compose/vhosts:/etc/nginx/conf.d
    networks:
      - dreamy
networks:
  dreamy:
    driver: bridge

Laravel应用Dockerfile #

FROM php:8.1-fpm
# Install system dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    git \
    curl \
    libpng-dev \
    libonig-dev \
    libxml2-dev \
    zip \
    unzip

# Clear cache
RUN apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Install PHP extensions
RUN docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql mbstring exif pcntl bcmath gd

# Get latest Composer
COPY --from=composer:latest /usr/bin/composer /usr/bin/composer

# Set working directory

WORKDIR /var/www

Nginx配置 #

server {
    listen 80;
    index index.php index.html;
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    root /var/www/public;
    location ~ \.php$ {
        try_files $uri =404;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass app_back:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
    }
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
        gzip_static on;
    }
}

Nginx错误日志（翻译后） #

2024/05/20 12:34:56 [错误] 20#20: *1 FastCGI 发送的标准错误内容："PHP 消息：PHP 致命错误：未捕获 Error：在 /var/www/public/index.php 的第52行找不到类 'Illuminate\Foundation\Application'
堆栈跟踪：
#0 {main}
  在 /var/www/public/index.php 的第52行抛出"，读取上游响应头时出错，客户端：123.45.67.89，服务器：，请求："GET / HTTP/1.1"，上游："fastcgi://172.18.0.2:9000"，主机："xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8000"

解决方案 #

根据日志提示，核心问题是Laravel框架核心类未找到，通常是依赖未安装或自动加载文件缺失导致，执行以下步骤修复：

1. 安装Laravel依赖
   进入dreamy-back-app容器执行Composer安装：

docker exec -it dreamy-back-app composer install

2. 生成自动加载文件

docker exec -it dreamy-back-app composer dump-autoload

3. 配置环境文件
   复制环境变量模板并生成应用密钥：

docker exec -it dreamy-back-app cp .env.example .env
docker exec -it dreamy-back-app php artisan key:generate

4. 修复目录权限
   确保Laravel的storage和bootstrap/cache目录有写入权限：

docker exec -it dreamy-back-app chmod -R 775 storage bootstrap/cache
docker exec -it dreamy-back-app chown -R www-data:www-data storage bootstrap/cache

5. 重启容器
   完成上述操作后重启相关容器：

docker-compose restart app_back nginx

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Pierre