Django测试迁移失败：relation 'auth_group'不存在

我有一个许久未测试的Django应用，需运行自定义命令，已编写测试用例并执行完所有迁移，生产环境下应用可正常运行。但执行python manage.py test时抛出错误：django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: relation "auth_group" does not exist，单独执行migrate auth显示无迁移可应用。

错误详情 #

python manage.py test
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
Got an error creating the test database: database "test_ILIDD_db" already exists

Type 'yes' if you would like to try deleting the test database 'test_ILIDD_db', or 'no' to cancel: yes
Destroying old test database for alias 'default'...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 86, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable: relation "auth_group" does not exist


The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 39, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 401, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 395, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\test.py", line 23, in run_from_argv
    super().run_from_argv(argv)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 328, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 369, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\test_without_migrations\management\commands\_base.py", line 78, in handle
    super(CommandMixin, self).handle(*test_labels, **options)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\test.py", line 53, in handle
    failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\test\runner.py", line 684, in run_tests
    old_config = self.setup_databases(aliases=databases)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\test\runner.py", line 604, in setup_databases
    return _setup_databases(
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\test\utils.py", line 169, in setup_databases
    connection.creation.create_test_db(
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\creation.py", line 67, in create_test_db
    call_command(
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 168, in call_command
    return command.execute(*args, **defaults)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 369, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 83, in wrapped
    res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\migrate.py", line 202, in handle
    self.sync_apps(connection, executor.loader.unmigrated_apps)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\migrate.py", line 340, in sync_apps
    self.stdout.write("    Running deferred SQL...\n")
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\schema.py", line 115, in __exit__
    self.execute(sql)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\schema.py", line 142, in execute
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 68, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 77, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 86, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 90, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\nlp-ilidd-processor\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 86, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: relation "auth_group" does not exist

单独迁移auth的结果 #

Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: auth
Running migrations:
  No migrations to apply.

• 排查test_without_migrations库影响：从错误栈可见测试流程调用了该库，它会跳过迁移直接同步模型，可能导致auth模块表未正确创建。可临时移除该库，用默认测试命令：python manage.py test --keepdb（--keepdb保留测试数据库避免重复创建）；若必须使用该库，需确保它能正确处理auth依赖，或手动在测试前创建auth相关表。
• 手动初始化测试数据库auth表：

  # 创建测试数据库（若不存在）
  createdb test_ILIDD_db
  # 执行auth模块迁移
  python manage.py migrate auth --database=default
  # 执行所有迁移
  python manage.py migrate --database=default
  # 运行测试
  python manage.py test
  

• 彻底清理测试数据库：

  # 删除测试数据库
  dropdb test_ILIDD_db
  # 重新运行测试，让Django自动创建并迁移数据库
  python manage.py test
  

• 检查INSTALLED_APPS配置：确认项目settings.py中INSTALLED_APPS包含django.contrib.auth，缺失会导致auth模块迁移和表创建被跳过。
• 检查auth迁移文件完整性：若旧项目丢失auth初始迁移文件，可备份现有迁移后重新生成：

  python manage.py makemigrations auth
  python manage.py migrate auth
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者arun.subhash-IBS