在类中传递引用给其他类时出现编译错误求助

初始可运行代码 #

主程序代码 #

Diablo_Serial_4DLib Display(&DisplaySerial);

ZenDisplay ui(Display);

ZenDisplay类定义 #

class ZenDisplay
{
  public:
    ZenDisplay(Diablo_Serial_4DLib &display);
    void setup();
  private:
    Diablo_Serial_4DLib* _display;
};

ZenDisplay构造函数实现 #

// Constructor /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
ZenDisplay::ZenDisplay(Diablo_Serial_4DLib &display)
{
    _display = &display;
}

新增ZenSpeakerGroup类后的代码 #

ZenSpeakerGroup类定义 #

class ZenSpeakerGroup
{
  public:
    ZenSpeakerGroup(Diablo_Serial_4DLib &display);
  private:
    Diablo_Serial_4DLib* _display;
};

ZenSpeakerGroup构造函数实现 #

ZenSpeakerGroup::ZenSpeakerGroup(Diablo_Serial_4DLib &display)
{
    _display = &display;
}

修改ZenDisplay后的代码 #

修改后的ZenDisplay类定义 #

class ZenDisplay
{
  public:
    ZenDisplay(Diablo_Serial_4DLib &display);
    void setup();
  private:
    Diablo_Serial_4DLib* _display;
    ZenSpeakerGroup _speakerGroup;
};

修改后的ZenDisplay构造函数 #

// Constructor /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
ZenDisplay::ZenDisplay(Diablo_Serial_4DLib &display) : _speakerGroup(&display)
{
    _display = &display;
}

编译错误信息 #

Arduino: 1.8.16 (Mac OS X), Board: "DOIT ESP32 DEVKIT V1, 80MHz, 921600, None"

/Users/xxx/Documents/Arduino/libraries/ZenOne/ZenDisplay.cpp: In constructor 'ZenDisplay::ZenDisplay(Diablo_Serial_4DLib&)':
/Users/xxx/Documents/Arduino/libraries/ZenOne/ZenDisplay.cpp:14:78: error: no matching function for call to 'ZenSpeakerGroup::ZenSpeakerGroup(Diablo_Serial_4DLib*)'
 ZenDisplay::ZenDisplay(Diablo_Serial_4DLib &display) : _speakerGroup(&display)
                                                                              ^
In file included from /Users/xxx/Documents/Arduino/libraries/ZenOne/ZenDisplay.h:14,
                 from /Users/xxx/Documents/Arduino/libraries/ZenOne/ZenDisplay.cpp:9:
/Users/xxx/Documents/Arduino/libraries/ZenOne/ZenSpeakerGroup.h:18:5: note: candidate: 'ZenSpeakerGroup::ZenSpeakerGroup(Diablo_Serial_4DLib&)'
     ZenSpeakerGroup(Diablo_Serial_4DLib &display);
     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/xxx/Documents/Arduino/libraries/ZenOne/ZenSpeakerGroup.h:18:5: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from 'Diablo_Serial_4DLib*' to 'Diablo_Serial_4DLib&'
/Users/xxx/Documents/Arduino/libraries/ZenOne/ZenSpeakerGroup.h:15:7: note: candidate: 'constexpr ZenSpeakerGroup::ZenSpeakerGroup(const ZenSpeakerGroup&)'
 class ZenSpeakerGroup
       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/xxx/Documents/Arduino/libraries/ZenOne/ZenSpeakerGroup.h:15:7: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from 'Diablo_Serial_4DLib*' to 'const ZenSpeakerGroup&'
/Users/xxx/Documents/Arduino/libraries/ZenOne/ZenSpeakerGroup.h:15:7: note: candidate: 'constexpr ZenSpeakerGroup::ZenSpeakerGroup(ZenSpeakerGroup&&)'
/Users/xxx/Documents/Arduino/libraries/ZenOne/ZenSpeakerGroup.h:15:7: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from 'Diablo_Serial_4DLib*' to 'ZenSpeakerGroup&&'
exit status 1
Error compiling for board DOIT ESP32 DEVKIT V1.


This report would have more information with
"Show verbose output during compilation"
option enabled in File -> Preferences.

尝试过的无效方法 #

使用_speakerGroup = new ZenSpeakerGroup(&display)赋值，编译依然失败。

解决方案 #

错误核心原因 #

初始化_speakerGroup时传入了指针&display，但ZenSpeakerGroup的构造函数要求的是引用类型（Diablo_Serial_4DLib &display），指针与引用无法直接隐式转换，因此编译器找不到匹配的构造函数。另外，_speakerGroup是栈上对象实例，不是指针类型，不能直接用new赋值。

修复方案1：直接传入引用（推荐） #

修改ZenDisplay的构造函数初始化列表，直接传入display（本身就是引用）：

ZenDisplay::ZenDisplay(Diablo_Serial_4DLib &display) : _speakerGroup(display)
{
    _display = &display;
}

此方式完全匹配构造函数参数要求，可直接通过编译。

修复方案2：改为指针管理（可选） #

如果需要动态分配ZenSpeakerGroup，可将其声明为指针类型：

1. 修改ZenDisplay类定义：

class ZenDisplay
{
  public:
    ZenDisplay(Diablo_Serial_4DLib &display);
    ~ZenDisplay(); // 添加析构函数释放内存
    void setup();
  private:
    Diablo_Serial_4DLib* _display;
    ZenSpeakerGroup* _speakerGroup; // 改为指针类型
};

2. 实现构造函数与析构函数：

ZenDisplay::ZenDisplay(Diablo_Serial_4DLib &display)
{
    _display = &display;
    _speakerGroup = new ZenSpeakerGroup(display); // 传入引用而非指针
}

ZenDisplay::~ZenDisplay()
{
    delete _speakerGroup; // 释放动态内存，避免泄漏
}

此方式需注意内存管理，必须在析构函数中释放对象。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Daniel