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Jenkins部署时连接AWS MySQL出现CommunicationsException问题排查

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开发者阿泽
2026-8-7
问题：Jenkins部署后无法连接AWS上的MySQL数据库

我正在对Web应用做自动化测试，应用需要从AWS部署的MySQL数据库拉取信息。数据库URL和端口已经核对过没问题。登录后要从数据库获取特定链接来推进流程，本地运行完全正常，但部署到Jenkins后就报通信链接失败的错误。

错误日志 

com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure

The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:174)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLExceptionsMapping.translateException(SQLExceptionsMapping.java:64)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:829)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:449)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:242)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:198)
    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:664)
    at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:247)
    at com.bmw.automation.pages.abstraction.AbstractPageBmw.getLastLinkQRCode(AbstractPageBmw.java:115)
    at com.bmw.automation.pages.common.GmailBoxPage.openLinkQRcode(GmailBoxPage.java:575)
    at com.bmw.automation.bdd.stepsDefinition.GmailBoxPageStepsDefinition.i_extract_the_link(GmailBoxPageStepsDefinition.java:228)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at io.cucumber.java.Invoker.doInvoke(Invoker.java:66)
    at io.cucumber.java.Invoker.invoke(Invoker.java:24)
    at io.cucumber.java.AbstractGlueDefinition.invokeMethod(AbstractGlueDefinition.java:47)
    at io.cucumber.java.JavaStepDefinition.execute(JavaStepDefinition.java:29)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.CoreStepDefinition.execute(CoreStepDefinition.java:66)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.PickleStepDefinitionMatch.runStep(PickleStepDefinitionMatch.java:63)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.ExecutionMode$1.execute(ExecutionMode.java:10)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.TestStep.executeStep(TestStep.java:92)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.TestStep.run(TestStep.java:64)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.PickleStepTestStep.run(PickleStepTestStep.java:51)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:104)
    at io.cucumber.core.runner.Runner.runPickle(Runner.java:71)
    at io.cucumber.testng.TestNGCucumberRunner.lambda$runScenario$0(TestNGCucumberRunner.java:116)
    at io.cucumber.core.runtime.CucumberExecutionContext.runTestCase(CucumberExecutionContext.java:117)
    at io.cucumber.testng.TestNGCucumberRunner.runScenario(TestNGCucumberRunner.java:113)
    at io.cucumber.testng.AbstractTestNGCucumberTests.runScenario(AbstractTestNGCucumberTests.java:31)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:133)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeMethod(TestInvoker.java:598)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeTestMethod(TestInvoker.java:173)
    at org.testng.internal.MethodRunner.runInSequence(MethodRunner.java:46)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker$MethodInvocationAgent.invoke(TestInvoker.java:824)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeTestMethods(TestInvoker.java:146)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:146)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:128)
    at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1259)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:794)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:596)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:377)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:371)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:332)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:276)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:53)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:96)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1212)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1134)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1063)
    at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1031)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.testng.TestNGExecutor.run(TestNGExecutor.java:62)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.testng.TestNGDirectoryTestSuite.execute(TestNGDirectoryTestSuite.java:141)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.Surefire.run(Surefire.java:180)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireBooter.runSuitesInProcess(SurefireBooter.java:350)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireBooter.main(SurefireBooter.java:1021)
Caused by: com.mysql.cj.exceptions.CJCommunicationsException: Communications link failure

The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:61)
    at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:105)
    at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:151)
    at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createCommunicationsException(ExceptionFactory.java:167)
    at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeSocketConnection.connect(NativeSocketConnection.java:89)
    at com.mysql.cj.NativeSession.connect(NativeSession.java:120)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:949)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:819)
    ... 62 more
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out (Connection timed out)
    at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:476)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:218)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:200)
    at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:394)
    at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:606)
    at com.mysql.cj.protocol.StandardSocketFactory.connect(StandardSocketFactory.java:156)
    at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeSocketConnection.connect(NativeSocketConnection.java:63)
    ... 65 more

相关代码 

public String getLastLinkQRCode() {
    String lastLinkQrCode = "";
    Connection myConnection = null;
    try {
        if(PropertiesReader.getEnvironementName().equalsIgnoreCase("test")) {
            myConnection = DriverManager.getConnection(PropertiesReader.getBmwTestDatabaseUrl_PPV(), PropertiesReader.getBmwTestDatabaseLogin_PPV(), PropertiesReader.getBmwTestDatabasePassword_PPV());
        } else {
            myConnection = DriverManager.getConnection(PropertiesReader.getBmwProdDatabaseUrl(), PropertiesReader.getBmwProdDatabaseLogin(), PropertiesReader.getBmwProdDatabasePassword());
            } 
        Statement myStatement = myConnection.createStatement();
        ResultSet myResult = myStatement.executeQueriy("select link from t1 where mail ='x1x1x1x1@gmail.com' ORDER BY send_date DESC LIMIT 1");
        while(myResult.next()) {
            lastLink= myResult.getString("link");
        }
        myConnection.close();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println(lastLinkQrCode);
    return lastLink;
}
解决方案

从错误栈里的java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out可以明确，这是网络层面的连接超时问题，本地能连但Jenkins连不上，核心排查方向如下：

1. AWS安全组配置检查

  • 确认AWS MySQL实例的安全组是否允许Jenkins服务器的公网IP（或内网IP，如果同属一个VPC）访问MySQL端口（默认3306，自定义端口需对应调整）。本地能正常连接说明你的IP在安全组白名单中，但Jenkins服务器的IP大概率未被添加，需要补充到安全组的入站规则里。

2. Jenkins服务器网络连通性验证

  • 在Jenkins服务器上执行telnet <数据库IP> <端口>或nc -zv <数据库IP> <端口>，确认端口是否能打通。如果不通，说明网络链路存在问题，比如公司防火墙拦截、VPC路由表配置错误、跨VPC peering未生效等。
  • 若Jenkins部署在公司内网，可能需要配置代理或VPN才能访问AWS云资源，而本地已经配置了这些，但Jenkins环境未同步配置。

3. 数据库连接参数二次核对

  • 虽然你已确认URL和端口，但需检查Jenkins环境加载的配置文件中，数据库URL是否正确（比如是否误用了内网地址而Jenkins处于外网环境，或者反过来），确保没有拼写错误，比如jdbc:mysql://后的地址、端口号是否准确。

4. 代码细节修复（顺带优化）

  • 代码存在笔误：executeQueriy应为executeQuery，本地运行时可能未触发到该问题，但建议立即修正避免后续异常。
  • 资源释放不规范：Statement和ResultSet未关闭，推荐使用try-with-resources语法自动释放资源，避免连接泄漏，尤其在Jenkins这种持续运行的环境中：
public String getLastLinkQRCode() {
    String lastLink = "";
    String dbUrl, dbUser, dbPwd;
    if(PropertiesReader.getEnvironementName().equalsIgnoreCase("test")) {
        dbUrl = PropertiesReader.getBmwTestDatabaseUrl_PPV();
        dbUser = PropertiesReader.getBmwTestDatabaseLogin_PPV();
        dbPwd = PropertiesReader.getBmwTestDatabasePassword_PPV();
    } else {
        dbUrl = PropertiesReader.getBmwProdDatabaseUrl();
        dbUser = PropertiesReader.getBmwProdDatabaseLogin();
        dbPwd = PropertiesReader.getBmwProdDatabasePassword();
    }

    try (Connection myConnection = DriverManager.getConnection(dbUrl, dbUser, dbPwd);
         Statement myStatement = myConnection.createStatement();
         ResultSet myResult = myStatement.executeQuery("select link from t1 where mail ='x1x1x1x1@gmail.com' ORDER BY send_date DESC LIMIT 1")) {
        if(myResult.next()) {
            lastLink = myResult.getString("link");
        }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println(lastLink);
    return lastLink;
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Kim Kelly

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最近更新时间：2026.08.07 14:05:38