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无法安装R包,报错‘& was unexpected at this time.’求助

R包安装报错:& was unexpected at this time.(Windows 11环境)

问题详情

  • 系统:Windows 11
  • 环境:R 4.2.2,降级后的旧版RStudio
  • 问题:使用install.packages()或devtools::install_github()安装包时触发& was unexpected at this time.错误,安装失败。此前同版本R可正常安装包,重装R并降级RStudio后出现该问题。

报错示例1(install.packages)

> install.packages('RSQLite')
Installing package into ‘C:/Users/Ryan/AppData/Local/R/win-library/4.2’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)

  There is a binary version available but the source version is later:
        binary source needs_compilation
RSQLite 2.2.19 2.2.20              TRUE

installing the source package ‘RSQLite’

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/RSQLite_2.2.20.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 3745301 bytes (3.6 MB)
downloaded 3.6 MB

& was unexpected at this time.
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘RSQLite’ had non-zero exit status

The downloaded source packages are in
    ‘C:\Users\Ryan\AppData\Local\Temp\Rtmp4uP1BH\downloaded_packages’

报错示例2(devtools::install_github)

> devtools::install_github("r-dbi/RSQLite")
Downloading GitHub repo r-dbi/RSQLite@HEAD
── R CMD build ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   & was unexpected at this time.
Error: Failed to install 'RSQLite' from GitHub:
  ! System command 'Rcmd.exe' failed

解决步骤

1. 优先安装二进制包

报错触发于源码包编译阶段,先尝试直接安装预编译的二进制版本:

install.packages('RSQLite', type = 'binary')

2. 检查路径是否含特殊字符

R的安装目录、库路径如果包含空格、&或中文等特殊字符,会触发终端解析错误:

  • 执行以下命令查看当前库路径:
    .libPaths()
    
  • 若路径有特殊字符,建议修改到无特殊字符的目录(比如C:\R\library\4.2),可通过修改R_LIBS_USER环境变量实现。

3. 切换RStudio终端类型

将RStudio默认终端从PowerShell改为Command Prompt:

  1. 打开Tools > Global Options > Terminal
  2. 选择终端类型为Command Prompt,重启RStudio

4. 检查并修复R编译环境

Windows下安装源码包需要对应版本的Rtools:

  • 执行devtools::find_rtools()检查是否检测到Rtools(需先安装devtools)
  • 若未安装,下载对应R 4.2.x的Rtools42,安装时勾选“Add Rtools to system PATH”

5. 重置RStudio配置

关闭RStudio后,删除配置文件夹C:\Users\Ryan\AppData\Roaming\RStudio,重新启动RStudio尝试安装。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange,提问作者Ryguy

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最近更新时间:2026.08.07 08:40:42