GitLab Runner Docker环境下Robot Framework+Appium测试连接失败

错误信息 #

执行测试命令：

$ docker run --network mobile_driver_test_automation_default --rm --mount "type=bind,src=${CI_PROJECT_DIR}/robot/Reports,dst=/app/reports" qa/robot:latest python3 -m robot -d /app/reports /app/Tests/Login.robot

测试失败输出：

Init Page Assertion Design Chaneg Path [ WARN ] Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7fdd8c04ea00>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution')': /wd/hub/session
[ WARN ] Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7fdd8c04ed60>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution')': /wd/hub/session
[ WARN ] Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7fdd8c04eee0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution')': /wd/hub/session
[ WARN ] Keyword 'Capture Page Screenshot' could not be run on failure: No application is open
| FAIL |
MaxRetryError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='appium_server', port=4723): Max retries exceeded with url: /wd/hub/session (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7fdd8bff1880>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution'))

相关配置文件 #

docker-compose.yaml #

version: "2.2"
services:
  
  selenium_hub:
    image: selenium/hub:3.14.0-curium
    ports:
      - 4444:4444

  appium_server:
    image: appium/appium:v1.22.3-p1
    depends_on:
      - selenium_hub
    network_mode: "service:selenium_hub"
    volumes:
      - ./robot/apk:/root/tmp/apk/
    environment:
      - CONNECT_TO_GRID=true
      - SELENIUM_HOST=selenium_hub
      - RELAXED_SECURITY=true

  nexus_emulator:
    image: budtmo/docker-android-x86-10.0:v1.10-p7
    depends_on:
      - selenium_hub
      - appium_server
    volumes:
      - ./robot/apk:/root/tmp/apk/
    
    ports:
      - 6080:6080
      - 4723:4723
      - 5554:5554
      - 5555:5555

    environment:
      - DEVICE=Nexus 5
      - CONNECT_TO_GRID=true
      - APPIUM=true
      - SELENIUM_HOST=selenium_hub
      - AUTO_RECORD=true

.gitlab-ci.yml #

stages:
  - docker-login
  - build-robot
  - setup-test
  - run-test
  - docker-down

docker-login:
  stage: docker-login
  tags:
    - docker
  rules:
    - if: $CI_MERGE_REQUEST_ID
      when: never
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME =~ "main"
  script:
    - docker login -u $ARTIFACTORY_USER -p $ARTIFACTORY_PASSWORD $ARTIFACTORY_REGISTRY

build-robot:
  stage: build-robot
  tags:
    - docker
  rules:
    - if: $CI_MERGE_REQUEST_ID
      when: never
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME =~ "main"
  script:
    - docker build -t qa/robot:latest -f robot/Dockerfile robot

setup-test:
  stage: setup-test
  tags:
    - docker
  rules:
    - if: $CI_MERGE_REQUEST_ID
      when: never
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME =~ "main"
  script:
    - docker-compose -f docker-compose.yaml up -d
    - docker ps

run-login-test:
  stage: run-test
  tags:
    - docker
  rules:
    - if: $CI_MERGE_REQUEST_ID
      when: never
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME =~ "main"
  script:
    - docker ps
    - docker run --network mobile_driver_test_automation_default --rm --mount "type=bind,src=${CI_PROJECT_DIR}/robot/Reports,dst=/app/reports"qa/robot:latest python3 -m robot -d /app/reports /app/Tests/Login.robot
  artifacts:
    when: always
    paths:
      - robot/Reports/report.html
    expire_in: 3 day
  
docker-down:
  stage: docker-down
  tags:
    - docker
  rules:
    - if: $CI_MERGE_REQUEST_ID
      when: never
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME =~ "main"
  script:
    - docker-compose -f docker-compose.yaml down

Robot Framework测试脚本（Login.robot） #

*** Settings ***
Library  AppiumLibrary
Library  Process

*** Test Cases ***

Init Page Assertion Design Chaneg Path
    Open Application   http://appium_server:4723/wd/hub    app=/app/robot/Tests/apk/driver.apk   autoGrantPermissions=true     platformName=Android  deviceName=Nexus 5  appPackage=packageName   appActivity=ActivityName  
    Log    "app opened succesfully"

Robot镜像Dockerfile #

FROM python:3.9
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

问题排查与解决方案 #

1. 核心问题：Appium Server的网络模式导致容器名无法被解析 #

appium_server服务使用了network_mode: "service:selenium_hub"，这意味着它会共享selenium_hub的网络命名空间，不会在docker-compose创建的自定义网络（mobile_driver_test_automation_default）中注册自己的容器名。因此，测试容器无法通过appium_server这个域名找到对应的服务。

2. 解决方案一：修改Appium Server的网络配置 #

去掉appium_server的network_mode: "service:selenium_hub"配置，让它加入默认的自定义网络，同时保持连接Selenium Grid的配置：

appium_server:
    image: appium/appium:v1.22.3-p1
    depends_on:
      - selenium_hub
    # 移除network_mode配置
    volumes:
      - ./robot/apk:/root/tmp/apk/
    environment:
      - CONNECT_TO_GRID=true
      - SELENIUM_HOST=selenium_hub
      - RELAXED_SECURITY=true
    ports:
      - 4723:4723 # 可选，根据需要保留端口映射

3. 解决方案二：直接使用Selenium Hub的地址连接 #

如果必须保留network_mode: "service:selenium_hub"，那么Appium Server会通过Selenium Hub暴露服务，此时测试脚本中应该连接Selenium Hub的地址，而不是Appium Server：

Open Application   http://selenium_hub:4444/wd/hub    app=/app/robot/Tests/apk/driver.apk   autoGrantPermissions=true     platformName=Android  deviceName=Nexus 5  appPackage=packageName   appActivity=ActivityName  

4. 额外检查点 #

• 确认setup-test阶段执行后，所有容器（selenium_hub、appium_server、nexus_emulator）都已正常启动，可通过docker ps输出验证。
• 测试容器的--network参数必须和docker-compose创建的网络一致（mobile_driver_test_automation_default），当前配置已经正确，但注意命令中--mount和qa/robot:latest之间有空格缺失，需要修正：

docker run --network mobile_driver_test_automation_default --rm --mount "type=bind,src=${CI_PROJECT_DIR}/robot/Reports,dst=/app/reports" qa/robot:latest python3 -m robot -d /app/reports /app/Tests/Login.robot

• 确认Android模拟器（nexus_emulator）已经正确连接到Appium Server，可在Appium日志中查看设备连接状态。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mohammad6pari