Android 13设备OneSignal通知权限异常：无弹窗且无法获取pushToken

问题现象 #

• Android 13设备启动App后，未弹出通知权限请求弹窗
• 调用getIds方法仅能获取userId，pushToken为空，导致无法触发通知
• Android 12及以下设备可正常获取pushToken，通知功能正常

原因分析 #

1. Android 13权限规则变更：Android 13新增POST_NOTIFICATIONS权限，应用必须显式请求该权限才能发送通知，旧版本OneSignal插件未适配此规则，无法自动触发权限弹窗。
2. OneSignal插件版本过旧：当前使用的onesignal-cordova-plugin@2.11.4发布于Android 13正式版之前，不支持新的通知权限机制。
3. 初始化流程时序问题：getIds在OneSignal初始化完成前调用，此时推送Token尚未生成，导致获取结果为空。
4. Cordova Android平台版本不足：cordova-android@10.1.1对Android 13的兼容性有限，需升级到支持Android 13的版本。

解决方案 #

1. 升级OneSignal Cordova插件 #

卸载旧版本并安装适配Android 13的最新稳定版（3.x及以上版本已支持）：

cordova plugin remove onesignal-cordova-plugin
cordova plugin add onesignal-cordova-plugin@latest

2. 升级Cordova Android平台 #

Android 13需要cordova-android@11.0.0及以上版本支持：

cordova platform remove android
cordova platform add android@11.0.0

3. 显式请求Android 13通知权限 #

使用@awesome-cordova-plugins/android-permissions在OneSignal初始化前主动请求POST_NOTIFICATIONS权限，修改onesignal.service.ts：

import { AndroidPermissions } from '@awesome-cordova-plugins/android-permissions/ngx';

// 在构造函数中注入AndroidPermissions
constructor(
  private oneSignal: OneSignal,
  private platform: Platform,
  private globalVar: GlobalvariableService,
  private loadingController: LoadingController,
  private storage: AppStorageService,
  private navCtrl: NavController,
  private popoverCtrl: PopoverController,
  public alrtCrtl: AlertController,
  private router: Router,
  private androidPermissions: AndroidPermissions // 新增注入
) {}

async OneSignalNotification() {
  await this.platform.ready().then(async () => {
    if (this.platform.is('cordova') && this.platform.is('android')) {
      // 检查并请求Android 13通知权限
      const permissionStatus = await this.androidPermissions.checkPermission(
        this.androidPermissions.PERMISSION.POST_NOTIFICATIONS
      );
      if (!permissionStatus.hasPermission) {
        const requestResult = await this.androidPermissions.requestPermission(
          this.androidPermissions.PERMISSION.POST_NOTIFICATIONS
        );
        if (!requestResult.hasPermission) {
          console.log('通知权限被拒绝，请手动开启');
          return;
        }
      }
    }

    if (this.platform.is('cordova')) {
      await this.oneSignal.startInit(this.globalVar.oneSignalAppId, this.globalVar.oneSignalSenderId);  

      this.oneSignal.handleNotificationReceived().subscribe((msg) => {
        console.log('Notification received');
        console.dir(msg);
      });

      this.oneSignal.handleNotificationOpened().subscribe((msg) => {
        console.log('Notification opened');
        let notification_obj = msg.notification.payload.additionalData;
        if (notification_obj) {
          this.globalVar.loginInfo !== '' 
            ? this.fnOpenNotification(notification_obj) 
            : this.navCtrl.navigateRoot('login');
        }
      });

      this.oneSignal.inFocusDisplaying(this.oneSignal.OSInFocusDisplayOption.Notification);
      
      // 初始化完成后再获取ID
      this.oneSignal.endInit().then(() => {
        this.OneSignalPlayerID();
      });
    } else {
      this.globalVar.playerId = 'XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXX';
    }
  });
}

4. 优化getIds调用时机与监听逻辑 #

将OneSignalPlayerID移到endInit()回调中，确保插件完全初始化后再获取Token；同时添加订阅变更监听，实时获取Token更新：

// 修改OneSignalNotification中的endInit部分
this.oneSignal.endInit().then(() => {
  this.OneSignalPlayerID();
  // 添加订阅变更监听
  this.oneSignal.addSubscriptionObserver().subscribe((state) => {
    if (state.subscription.status === 'subscribed') {
      console.log('更新Push Token:', state.subscription.userId);
      this.globalVar.playerId = state.subscription.userId;
      this.storage.set('player_id', this.globalVar.playerId);
    }
  });
});

验证步骤 #

1. 重新编译并安装App到Android 13设备
2. 启动App，确认通知权限请求弹窗正常弹出
3. 授权后查看日志，确认getIds输出中pushToken已正常获取
4. 测试推送通知，确认可正常接收

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者AziDev