Apple Silicon设备无法安装Hardhat Waffle问题求助

问题详情 #

我正在开发第一个DAPP，按照教程执行以下安装命令：

npm install --save-dev @nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle 'ethereum-waffle@^3.0.0' @nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers 'ethers@^5.0.0'

运行后出现编译报错，核心错误是bufferutil包的node-gyp构建失败，同时伴随多个依赖弃用警告。完整报错信息如下：

npm WARN deprecated ganache-core@2.13.2: ganache-core is now ganache; visit https://trfl.io/g7 for details
npm WARN deprecated ganache-core@2.13.2: ganache-core is now ganache; visit https://trfl.io/g7 for details
npm WARN deprecated testrpc@0.0.1: testrpc has been renamed to ganache-cli, please use this package from now on.
npm WARN deprecated querystring@0.2.0: The querystring API is considered Legacy. new code should use the URLSearchParams API instead.
npm WARN deprecated @ensdomains/ens@0.4.5: Please use @ensdomains/ens-contracts
npm WARN deprecated @ensdomains/resolver@0.2.4: Please use @ensdomains/ens-contracts
npm ERR! code 1
npm ERR! path /Users/phoenix_20/Desktop/Web3.0/smart_contract/node_modules/ganache-core/node_modules/bufferutil
npm ERR! command failed
npm ERR! command sh -c -- node-gyp-build
npm ERR! gyp info it worked if it ends with ok
npm ERR! gyp info using node-gyp@9.1.0
npm ERR! gyp info using node@18.4.0 | darwin | arm64
npm ERR! gyp info find Python using Python version 3.9.13 found at "/opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.9/bin/python3.9"
npm ERR! gyp info spawn /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.9/bin/python3.9
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args [
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/Users/phoenix_20/.nvm/versions/node/v18.4.0/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/gyp/gyp_main.py',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   'binding.gyp',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-f',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   'make',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-I',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/Users/phoenix_20/Desktop/Web3.0/smart_contract/node_modules/ganache-core/node_modules/bufferutil/build/config.gypi',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-I',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/Users/phoenix_20/.nvm/versions/node/v18.4.0/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/addon.gypi',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-I',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/Users/phoenix_20/Library/Caches/node-gyp/18.4.0/include/node/common.gypi',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dlibrary=shared_library',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dvisibility=default',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_root_dir=/Users/phoenix_20/Library/Caches/node-gyp/18.4.0',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_gyp_dir=/Users/phoenix_20/.nvm/versions/node/v18.4.0/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_lib_file=/Users/phoenix_20/Library/Caches/node-gyp/18.4.0/<(target_arch)/node.lib',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dmodule_root_dir=/Users/phoenix_20/Desktop/Web3.0/smart_contract/node_modules/ganache-core/node_modules/bufferutil',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_engine=v8',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '--depth=.',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '--no-parallel',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '--generator-output',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   'build',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Goutput_dir=.'

解决方案 #

1. 配置ARM64兼容的编译环境 #

Mac ARM64架构下部分原生包编译需要额外配置，先确保安装了Xcode命令行工具：

xcode-select --install

然后临时设置环境变量，强制用x86_64工具链编译：

export npm_config_target_arch=x64
export npm_config_arch=x64
export npm_config_platform=darwin

2. 降级Node.js到LTS版本 #

Node.js 18对旧版原生包兼容性不佳，建议切换到16.x LTS版本（用nvm操作最方便）：

# 安装16.x版本
nvm install 16
# 切换到该版本
nvm use 16

如果未安装nvm，可通过Homebrew安装：brew install nvm，安装后重启终端生效。

3. 使用官方集成包重新安装 #

原教程的命令依赖过时的ganache-core，改用Hardhat官方推荐的集成工具包，一次性解决所有依赖兼容问题：

# 删除旧的依赖文件
rm -rf node_modules package-lock.json
# 安装官方工具包
npm install --save-dev hardhat @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox

@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox包含了hardhat-waffle、ethers、chai等所有开发DAPP需要的工具，无需手动指定版本。

4. 验证安装结果 #

安装完成后，运行以下命令验证：

npx hardhat

如果弹出Hardhat的初始化菜单（创建项目、编译合约等选项），说明依赖安装成功。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者MEHTA HARSH DHAVAL