Spring Boot启动报错：ExecutionException与Tomcat组件启动失败求助

环境信息 #

• Java 1.8
• Spring Boot v2.7.5

问题现象 #

执行mvn install编译成功，但运行程序时抛出运行时异常，最初怀疑Tomcat重复启动导致，排查日志后确认根源异常为：

java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.servlet.ServletContext.getVirtualServerName()Ljava/lang/String;

完整运行日志：

.   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.7.5)

Dec 29, 2022 12:15:41 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["https-jsse-nio-8443"]
Dec 29, 2022 12:15:41 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service [Tomcat]
Dec 29, 2022 12:15:41 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.68]
Dec 29, 2022 12:15:41 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
SEVERE: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [NonLoginAuthenticator[StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]]
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [NonLoginAuthenticator[StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:440)


Dec 29, 2022 12:15:41 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
SEVERE: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)
    ... 21 more
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [NonLoginAuthenticator[StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]]

    ... 29 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [NonLoginAuthenticator[StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].TomcatEmbeddedContext[]]]

    ... 29 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.servlet.ServletContext.getVirtualServerName()Ljava/lang/String;

    ... 39 more

Dec 29, 2022 12:15:41 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol pause
INFO: Pausing ProtocolHandler ["https-jsse-nio-8443"]
Dec 29, 2022 12:15:41 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService stopInternal
INFO: Stopping service [Tomcat]
Dec 29, 2022 12:15:41 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol destroy
INFO: Destroying ProtocolHandler ["https-jsse-nio-8443"]

Process finished with exit code 1

解决方案 #

该异常核心原因是Servlet API版本不兼容：getVirtualServerName()是Servlet 3.1规范新增的接口，项目中可能引入了Servlet 3.0及以下版本的依赖，与Spring Boot内嵌Tomcat 9.0.x（依赖Servlet 4.0规范）产生冲突。

具体操作步骤： #

1. 排查依赖冲突
   执行mvn dependency:tree命令，查找所有javax.servlet:javax.servlet-api或javax.servlet:servlet-api依赖，确认是否存在低版本依赖被引入。

2. 排除低版本Servlet依赖
   在pom.xml中找到引入低版本Servlet API的依赖，添加<exclusions>标签排除该依赖。示例：

   <dependency>
       <groupId>依赖组ID</groupId>
       <artifactId>依赖artifact ID</artifactId>
       <version>版本号</version>
       <exclusions>
           <exclusion>
               <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
               <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
           </exclusion>
       </exclusions>
   </dependency>
   

3. 强制指定Servlet API版本
   若无法定位冲突，可在pom.xml中显式声明Servlet API版本（Spring Boot 2.7.x对应版本为4.0.1）：

   <dependency>
       <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
       <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
       <version>4.0.1</version>
       <scope>provided</scope>
   </dependency>
   

   设置<scope>provided</scope>避免与内嵌Tomcat的Servlet API打包冲突。

4. 清理重构项目
   执行mvn clean install清理旧依赖包，重新构建后运行程序。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user13106846