Spring Boot执行JUnit测试时出现AbstractJdbcConfiguration错误

问题场景 #

我有一个Maven父项目，下含处理用户活动的子项目，尝试用JUnit测试Repository时，抛出错误：java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/data/jdbc/repository/config/AbstractJdbcConfiguration

父项目pom.xml配置 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.1</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.testpr</groupId>
    <artifactId>testprWebParent</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <name>testprWebParent</name>
    <description>parent testpr web parent</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>19</java.version>
    </properties>
    
    <modules>
        <module>testprBackEnd</module>
        <module>testprFrontEnd</module>
    </modules>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
            <artifactId>bootstrap</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
            <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
            <version>3.6.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
            <artifactId>webjars-locator-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.testprcommon</groupId>
            <artifactId>testprCommon</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        
    </dependencies>
 
</project>

子项目pom.xml配置 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.testpr</groupId>
        <artifactId>testprWebParent</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>   
    </parent>
    <artifactId>testprBackEnd</artifactId>
    <name>testprBackEnd</name>
    <description>testpr Admin Project</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>19</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.github.librepdf</groupId>
        <artifactId>openpdf</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.30</version>
    </dependency>
    
        
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

问题原因 #

测试环境缺少Spring Data JDBC相关依赖。虽然父项目引入了spring-boot-starter-data-jpa，但测试场景下可能存在依赖传递不完整，或是测试配置误触发了JDBC相关类的加载，导致找不到AbstractJdbcConfiguration。

解决步骤 #

1. 补充Spring Data JDBC测试依赖
   在父项目或子项目的<dependencies>中添加测试范围的JDBC starter依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

如果你的Repository是基于JPA实现，也需检查测试类是否误引入了JDBC相关注解（比如@DataJdbcTest），这类注解会触发JDBC配置加载。

2. 清理并重新构建Maven依赖
   在Eclipse中执行以下操作：

• 右键父项目 → Maven → Update Project，勾选"Force Update of Snapshots/Releases"
• 右键子项目 → Run As → Maven Clean
• 右键子项目 → Run As → Maven Install

3. 修正测试类注解
   确保测试类使用正确的Spring Boot测试注解，比如JPA Repository测试用@DataJpaTest：

@SpringBootTest
@DataJpaTest
public class YourRepositoryTest {
    // 测试代码
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ahad Porkar