GitLab CI移除Docker启动selenium镜像遇npx缺失问题求助

方案一：自定义包含所需依赖的镜像 #

基于官方selenium镜像构建自己的镜像，预安装Node.js（含npx）、PHP、Composer等依赖，避免每次CI运行重复安装。

Dockerfile示例 #

FROM selenium/standalone-chrome:latest

# 切换root用户安装依赖
USER root
# 安装Node.js和npm
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl \
    && curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | bash - \
    && apt-get install -y nodejs \
    && npm install -g npm@latest

# 安装PHP和Composer
RUN apt-get install -y php-cli php-mbstring php-xml php-curl \
    && curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer

# 切回seluser用户（符合selenium镜像的安全规范）
USER seluser

修改后的CI配置 #

将镜像替换为你推送至镜像仓库的自定义镜像：

test-dev:
  stage: test
  image: your-registry/custom-selenium-chrome:latest # 替换为你的镜像地址
  script:
    - mkdir -p tests/js/screens/diffs
    - npx mocha tests/js/screenshots-* --timeout 50000
    - npx playwright test tests/js/pw_*
    - php artisan test
  artifacts:
    when: always
    name: $CI_COMMIT_SHA
    untracked: true
    paths:
      - tests/js/screens
      - tests/js/report
  cache:
    when: always
    paths:
      - storage/framework
      - vendor/ #composer packages
      - node_modules
      - public
    key:
      files:
        - vendor/ #composer packages
        - composer.lock
  tags:
    - test_new_runner

方案二：CI脚本中临时安装依赖 #

直接在CI运行时安装所需工具，无需维护自定义镜像，但每次运行会增加耗时。

test-dev:
  stage: test
  image: selenium/standalone-chrome
  script:
    - mkdir -p tests/js/screens/diffs
    # 以root权限安装Node.js、PHP和Composer
    - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y nodejs npm php-cli php-mbstring php-xml php-curl curl
    - sudo curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer
    # 安装项目依赖
    - npm install
    - composer install
    # 执行测试
    - npx mocha tests/js/screenshots-* --timeout 50000
    - npx playwright test tests/js/pw_*
    - php artisan test
  artifacts:
    when: always
    name: $CI_COMMIT_SHA
    untracked: true
    paths:
      - tests/js/screens
      - tests/js/report
  cache:
    when: always
    paths:
      - storage/framework
      - vendor/ #composer packages
      - node_modules
      - public
    key:
      files:
        - vendor/ #composer packages
        - composer.lock
  tags:
    - test_new_runner

注意：需确保CI runner允许sudo操作，或修改镜像默认用户为root（不推荐）。

方案三：使用GitLab CI服务配置 #

保留含Node.js和PHP的基础镜像，将selenium作为独立服务引入，实现环境分离。

test-dev:
  stage: test
  image: php:8.2-cli-node # 选择内置Node.js和PHP的镜像，或自定义基础镜像
  services:
    - name: selenium/standalone-chrome
      alias: selenium
  script:
    - mkdir -p tests/js/screens/diffs
    # 配置测试工具连接selenium服务
    - export SELENIUM_HOST=selenium
    - npm install
    - composer install
    - npx mocha tests/js/screenshots-* --timeout 50000
    - npx playwright test tests/js/pw_*
    - php artisan test
  artifacts:
    when: always
    name: $CI_COMMIT_SHA
    untracked: true
    paths:
      - tests/js/screens
      - tests/js/report
  cache:
    when: always
    paths:
      - storage/framework
      - vendor/ #composer packages
      - node_modules
      - public
    key:
      files:
        - vendor/ #composer packages
        - composer.lock
  tags:
    - test_new_runner

需确保你的测试脚本支持通过环境变量配置selenium服务地址。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Miekrif