使用ManimGL制作带视频纹理的波浪动画时触发OpenGL无效枚举错误

问题描述 #

使用 ManimGL 制作带视频帧纹理的波浪动画时，短时长（约5秒）动画运行正常，但时长超过10秒会抛出 invalid enum error，动画时长由 PinkyWaving 类的 self.wait 方法控制，目标是生成2分钟完整动画。

错误信息 #

self.construct()
File "pinky_waving.py", line 119, in construct
    self.wait(10)
File "f:\instalaciones\anaconda\envs\manim2\lib\site-packages\manimlib\scene\scene.py", line 417, in wrapper
    func(self, *args, **kwargs)
File "f:\instalaciones\anaconda\envs\manim2\lib\site-packages\manimlib\scene\scene.py", line 508, in wait
    self.emit_frame()
File "f:\instalaciones\anaconda\envs\manim2\lib\site-packages\manimlib\scene\scene.py", line 179, in emit_frame
    self.file_writer.write_frame(self.camera)
File "f:\instalaciones\anaconda\envs\manim2\lib\site-packages\manimlib\scene\scene_file_writer.py", line 238, in write_frame
    raw_bytes = camera.get_raw_fbo_data()
File "f:\instalaciones\anaconda\envs\manim2\lib\site-packages\manimlib\camera\camera.py", line 294, in get_raw_fbo_data
    gl.glBindFramebuffer(gl.GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, self.fbo_msaa.glo)
File "src/errorchecker.pyx", line 58, in OpenGL_accelerate.errorchecker._ErrorChecker.glCheckError
OpenGL.error.GLError: GLError(
        err = 1280,
        description = b'numeraci\xf3n no v\xe1lida',
        baseOperation = glBindFramebuffer,
        cArguments = (GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, 2)
)

环境配置 #

• Python 3.8
• ManimGL v1.5.0
• moderngl 5.7.2

原始实现代码 #

from manimlib import *
import os

VIDEO_FRAMES  = 'pinky_60fps-opencv'
TEXTURES = os.listdir(VIDEO_FRAMES)
N = len(TEXTURES)
FRAME_INDEX = 0 


class TexturedPlaneWavingVideo(TexturedSurface):
    CONFIG = {   
        'waving_plane_config':
            {
            "u_range": (-5*2,5*2),
            "v_range": (-5*2,5*2),
            "resolution": (32,32),
            "color": BLUE_E,
            "opacity": 0.85,
            }
    }
    def __init__(self, phi=0, height_factor=1.0, d=1.0, alpha=0.1,scale_factor = 0.5, init_frame= None,**kwargs):
        """
        init_frame: str
            frame used as texture
        """
        digest_config(self,self.CONFIG)
        self.init_frame = init_frame

        # Parameters
        # heigth of wave
        self.height_factor = height_factor
        self.d = d
        self.alpha = alpha
        self.phi = phi
        #overall scale of plane
        self.scale_factor = scale_factor
        
        # Initialize as a plane
        surface = ParametricSurface(
            uv_func = self.wave_func,
            **self.waving_plane_config).scale(self.scale_factor)

        self.surface = surface
       
        super().__init__(uv_surface= surface,
            image_file = os.path.join(VIDEO_FRAMES,self.init_frame))


    def update_wave(self,dt):
        self.phi += 4*dt
        global FRAME_INDEX
        FRAME_INDEX= (FRAME_INDEX+1)%N
        
        texture = TEXTURES[FRAME_INDEX]
        texture_path =os.path.join(VIDEO_FRAMES, TEXTURES[FRAME_INDEX])
       

        # Create a new TexturedPlaneWavingVideo
        plane = TexturedPlaneWavingVideo(
            phi=self.phi, height_factor=self.height_factor, d=self.d ,alpha=self.alpha,scale_factor = self.scale_factor, init_frame=texture )
        
        self.init_frame = texture

        
        self.texture_paths = {
            "LightTexture": get_full_raster_image_path(texture_path),
            "DarkTexture": get_full_raster_image_path(texture_path),}

        self.become(plane)
        
        self.init_shader_data()
        
       
    def plane_func(self,u,v):
        return np.array([
            u,
            v,
            0])

    def wave_func(self, u, v):

        return (u,
                v,
                np.sin((np.sqrt(u**2/self.d + v ** 2 / self.d) + self.phi)) * self.height_factor + self.alpha)

    def wave_func_np(self,u,v):
        return  np.array(
            [u,
             v,
             np.sin( (np.sqrt(u**2/self.d + v ** 2 / self.d ) + self.phi) ) * self.height_factor + self.alpha])

    def waving(self,speed = 1):
        """
        speed: float
            speed of waving animation
        """
        self.add_updater(lambda m,dt:self.update_wave(dt*speed)  )

        
    def stop_waving(self):
        self.clear_updaters()

class PinkyWaving(ThreeDScene):
    def construct(self):
        p = TexturedPlaneWavingVideo(phi=0, height_factor=3.0, d=1.0, alpha=0.1,scale_factor = 0.5,init_frame="frame0-00-00.00.jpg")
        
        self.play(ShowCreation(p))
        
        p.waving()
        
        self.wait(10)

问题根源与解决方案 #

问题分析 #

错误的核心原因是每次更新时创建新的TexturedPlaneWavingVideo实例，导致大量OpenGL资源（帧缓冲、纹理对象）无法被正确回收，长时间运行后资源耗尽，触发GL_INVALID_ENUM错误（操作了已失效的GL对象）。

修改后的代码 #

from manimlib import *
import os

VIDEO_FRAMES = 'pinky_60fps-opencv'
TEXTURES = sorted(os.listdir(VIDEO_FRAMES))  # 确保帧顺序正确
N = len(TEXTURES)


class TexturedPlaneWavingVideo(TexturedSurface):
    CONFIG = {
        'waving_plane_config': {
            "u_range": (-5*2, 5*2),
            "v_range": (-5*2, 5*2),
            "resolution": (32, 32),
            "color": BLUE_E,
            "opacity": 0.85,
        }
    }

    def __init__(self, phi=0, height_factor=1.0, d=1.0, alpha=0.1, scale_factor=0.5, init_frame=None, **kwargs):
        digest_config(self, self.CONFIG)
        self.init_frame = init_frame
        self.height_factor = height_factor
        self.d = d
        self.alpha = alpha
        self.phi = phi
        self.scale_factor = scale_factor
        self.frame_index = 0  # 用实例变量替代全局变量

        # 初始化曲面
        surface = ParametricSurface(
            uv_func=self.wave_func,
            **self.waving_plane_config
        ).scale(self.scale_factor)
        self.surface = surface

        super().__init__(
            uv_surface=surface,
            image_file=os.path.join(VIDEO_FRAMES, self.init_frame)
        )

    def update_wave(self, dt):
        # 更新波浪相位
        self.phi += 4 * dt
        # 更新帧索引
        self.frame_index = (self.frame_index + 1) % N
        current_frame = TEXTURES[self.frame_index]
        texture_path = os.path.join(VIDEO_FRAMES, current_frame)

        # 更新纹理
        self.texture_paths = {
            "LightTexture": get_full_raster_image_path(texture_path),
            "DarkTexture": get_full_raster_image_path(texture_path),
        }
        self.init_shader_data()

        # 更新曲面形状（无需重建曲面，直接刷新参数）
        self.surface.set_uv_func(self.wave_func)
        self.surface.generate_points()
        self.surface.make_smooth()

    def plane_func(self, u, v):
        return np.array([u, v, 0])

    def wave_func(self, u, v):
        return (
            u,
            v,
            np.sin((np.sqrt(u**2/self.d + v ** 2 / self.d) + self.phi)) * self.height_factor + self.alpha
        )

    def wave_func_np(self, u, v):
        return np.array(
            [
                u,
                v,
                np.sin((np.sqrt(u**2/self.d + v ** 2 / self.d) + self.phi)) * self.height_factor + self.alpha
            ]
        )

    def waving(self, speed=1):
        self.add_updater(lambda m, dt: self.update_wave(dt*speed))

    def stop_waving(self):
        self.clear_updaters()


class PinkyWaving(ThreeDScene):
    def construct(self):
        p = TexturedPlaneWavingVideo(
            phi=0, height_factor=3.0, d=1.0, alpha=0.1, 
            scale_factor=0.5, init_frame="frame0-00-00.00.jpg"
        )
        self.play(ShowCreation(p))
        p.waving()
        self.wait(120)  # 直接设置2分钟时长

关键修改点 #

1. 移除全局变量：用实例变量self.frame_index替代全局FRAME_INDEX，避免多实例状态冲突
2. 避免重复创建实例：删除每次更新时创建新TexturedPlaneWavingVideo的逻辑，减少OpenGL资源开销
3. 直接更新现有对象：
   • 仅更新纹理路径并重新初始化着色器数据
   • 调用set_uv_func+generate_points刷新曲面形状，无需重建曲面
4. 确保帧顺序：对TEXTURES列表排序，保证视频帧播放顺序正确

额外优化建议 #

• 预加载纹理：将所有视频帧提前加载到内存，避免磁盘IO拖慢动画速度
• 禁用MSAA：如果对画质要求不高，可在场景中添加CONFIG = {"camera_config": {"use_msaa": False}}，减少帧缓冲资源消耗

运行命令保持不变：manimgl pinky.py PinkyWaving -w

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Hōgyoku