Android Studio CameraX旧代码适配：修复拍照跳转显示功能

一、核心问题分析 #

旧代码失效的核心原因是依赖了已废弃的API：比如Android 7.0+禁止直接使用Uri.fromFile()生成文件Uri、Android 6.0+要求动态申请危险权限、Android 10+启用分区存储后无法直接访问外部文件路径，同时ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE的使用方式也需要适配新的文件访问规则。

二、完整代码修改方案 #

1. 权限声明（AndroidManifest.xml） #

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES" android:maxSdkVersion="33" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" android:maxSdkVersion="32" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" android:required="false" />

<!-- 注册FileProvider，用于Android7.0+的文件Uri生成 -->
<application>
    <provider
        android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
        android:authorities="${applicationId}.fileprovider"
        android:exported="false"
        android:grantUriPermissions="true">
        <meta-data
            android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
            android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
    </provider>
</application>

2. 创建FileProvider路径配置文件（res/xml/file_paths.xml） #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-files-path name="camera_images" path="Pictures" />
</paths>

3. CameraActivity.java 完整修改代码 #

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
import androidx.core.content.FileProvider;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;

public class CameraActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final int REQUEST_PERMISSIONS = 100;
    private static final int REQUEST_CAMERA = 101;
    private static final int REQUEST_GALLERY = 102;
    private Uri imageUri;
    private String lastAction; // 记录最后一次触发的操作（相机/相册）

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_camera);

        // 绑定按钮点击事件
        findViewById(R.id.btn_open_camera).setOnClickListener(v -> {
            lastAction = "camera";
            checkPermissions();
        });
        findViewById(R.id.btn_open_gallery).setOnClickListener(v -> {
            lastAction = "gallery";
            checkPermissions();
        });
    }

    // 权限检查与申请
    private void checkPermissions() {
        List<String> neededPermissions = new ArrayList<>();
        if ("camera".equals(lastAction)) {
            // 相机需要相机权限+存储权限（低版本）
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                neededPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.CAMERA);
            }
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    neededPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
            }
        } else if ("gallery".equals(lastAction)) {
            // 相册需要读取媒体权限（Android13+）或存储权限（低版本）
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    neededPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES);
                }
            } else {
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    neededPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
            }
        }

        if (!neededPermissions.isEmpty()) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, neededPermissions.toArray(new String[0]), REQUEST_PERMISSIONS);
        } else {
            launchTargetAction();
        }
    }

    // 启动相机/相册
    private void launchTargetAction() {
        if ("camera".equals(lastAction)) {
            openCamera();
        } else if ("gallery".equals(lastAction)) {
            openGallery();
        }
    }

    // 打开相机
    private void openCamera() {
        Intent takePictureIntent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
        if (takePictureIntent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
            File photoFile = null;
            try {
                photoFile = createTempImageFile();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                Toast.makeText(this, "创建图片文件失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                return;
            }
            if (photoFile != null) {
                // 用FileProvider生成合规的Uri
                imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, getPackageName() + ".fileprovider", photoFile);
                takePictureIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
                startActivityForResult(takePictureIntent, REQUEST_CAMERA);
            }
        }
    }

    // 创建临时图片文件
    private File createTempImageFile() throws IOException {
        String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss", Locale.getDefault()).format(new Date());
        String imageFileName = "JPEG_" + timeStamp + "_";
        File storageDir = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
        return File.createTempFile(imageFileName, ".jpg", storageDir);
    }

    // 打开相册
    private void openGallery() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI);
        intent.setType("image/*");
        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_GALLERY);
    }

    // 权限申请结果回调
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_PERMISSIONS) {
            boolean allGranted = true;
            for (int result : grantResults) {
                if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    allGranted = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (allGranted) {
                launchTargetAction();
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, "拒绝权限将无法使用对应功能", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }

    // 相机/相册返回结果处理
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            Intent showIntent = new Intent(this, ImageDisplayActivity.class);
            if (requestCode == REQUEST_CAMERA) {
                showIntent.putExtra("IMAGE_URI", imageUri.toString());
            } else if (requestCode == REQUEST_GALLERY) {
                if (data != null && data.getData() != null) {
                    showIntent.putExtra("IMAGE_URI", data.getData().toString());
                }
            }
            startActivity(showIntent);
        }
    }
}

4. ImageDisplayActivity.java 图片显示代码 #

import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import com.bumptech.glide.Glide;

public class ImageDisplayActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_image_display);
        ImageView imageView = findViewById(R.id.iv_display);
        
        String uriStr = getIntent().getStringExtra("IMAGE_URI");
        if (uriStr != null) {
            Uri imageUri = Uri.parse(uriStr);
            // 使用Glide加载，适配不同Uri类型与版本兼容性
            Glide.with(this).load(imageUri).into(imageView);
            // 若不使用Glide，可直接用：imageView.setImageURI(imageUri);
        }
    }
}

三、关键适配点说明 #

• 权限分层处理：针对Android 13+与低版本分别申请READ_MEDIA_IMAGES和READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE，相机权限单独申请。
• FileProvider替代旧Uri生成方式：解决Android7.0+的FileUriExposedException问题。
• 分区存储适配：相册选择使用系统媒体库的ACTION_PICK接口，避免直接访问文件路径。
• 结果传递优化：通过字符串传递Uri，避免Parcelable序列化Uri的兼容性问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Malik Zohaib Mustafa